Research articles
Kazem Akhondzadeh; Tahereh Najafi Ghezeljeh; Hamid Haghani
Volume 20, s1 , December 2018, Pages 1-10
Abstract
Background: High sodium intake can increase the symptoms of patients with chronic heart failure.Objectives: To examine the effect of the education program on the adherence intention to the dietary sodium restriction and sodium intake in patients with chronic heart failure hospitalized in a teaching hospital ...
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Background: High sodium intake can increase the symptoms of patients with chronic heart failure.Objectives: To examine the effect of the education program on the adherence intention to the dietary sodium restriction and sodium intake in patients with chronic heart failure hospitalized in a teaching hospital affiliated with Yazd University of medical sciences, Yazd, Iran from January to July 2016. Methods: This controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted on 100 patients suffering from chronic heart failure. Block ran- domization was used to assign the patients to the intervention and control groups. In addition to routine education, the patients in the intervention group and one of their family members participated in the education program for 6 consecutive weeks. The amount of sodium intake in a 24-hour period was measured. A urine sample was collected for the measurement of the secondaryoutcome. A questionnaire was used for data collection about the evaluation of the adherence intention to the dietary sodium re- striction. Results: There were statistically significant differences between the intervention (2539.40 ± 1130.03) and control (3016.80 ± 790.38) groups in terms of the sodium intake 6 weeks after the intervention (P = 0.0023). Also, statistically significant differences were re- ported between these groups (2601.84 ± 1128.43 and 3041.95 ± 789.75 in the intervention and control group, respectively, P = 0.036) 12 weeks after the intervention. Six and 12 weeks after the education program, statistically significant differences were found be- tween the groups in terms of the attitude (P < 0.001), subjective norm toward the restricted-sodium diet (P < 0.001), and perceived behavioral control (P < 0.001).Conclusions: The education program promoted the adherence intention to the dietary sodium restriction among patients with chronic heart failure, which subsequently led to the sodium intake reduction.
Research articles
Tülay Tarsuslu ¸Sim¸sek; Eylem Tütün Yümin; Meral Sertel
Volume 20, s1 , December 2018, Pages 1-9
Abstract
Background: Changes in body composition in advanced ages (i.e., physical, physiological, and social changes) may influence the perception of body image in the elderly population. In some studies, it is stated that negative body image is associated with the consequences of unhealthy physical and mental ...
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Background: Changes in body composition in advanced ages (i.e., physical, physiological, and social changes) may influence the perception of body image in the elderly population. In some studies, it is stated that negative body image is associated with the consequences of unhealthy physical and mental health status. Objectives: The purpose of the study is to examine changes in body weight, body satisfaction, and quality of life in the elderly. Methods: This descriptive analytical study was performed from July 2015 to April 2016 on individuals aged 45 years and above wholived in Kirikkale, Turkey. The participants were divided into four age groups of 45 - 59 years (group 1), 60 - 69 years (group 2), 70 - 79 years (group 3), and 80 years and above (group 4). Body satisfaction was evaluated using Body-Cathexis Scale (BCS), and the quality of life was evaluated using the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP). Results: the highest body mass index (BMI) was found in the 60 - 69 years age group (29 ± 4.72 kg/cm2), whereas the lowest scorewas found to be in the individuals pertaining to the 80 years and above age group (26.53 ± 4.53 kg/cm2). BCS total scores were 85.95 ± 22.09 in group 1, 94.78 ± 26.68 in group 2, 103.29 ± 31.41 in group 3, and 107.28.35.84 in group 4. A significant difference was found between the groups in terms of quality of life and body satisfaction (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between BCS and NHP in groups 1, 2, and 3 (P < 0.05). However, there was no correlation between BCS and NHP in group 4 (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Evaluations and practices performed for body weight control in middle-aged and older adults are of importance in terms of increasing the quality of life.
Siros Norozi; Masoumeh Shohani; Hamed Tavan
Volume 20, s1 , December 2018, Pages 1-2
Research articles
Mahnaz Yadollahi; Ali Kashkooe; Ehsan Habibpour; Kazem Jamali
Volume 20, s1 , December 2018, Pages 1-7
Abstract
Background: Spinal trauma is a devastating event which could disturb a person’s life. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and risk factors of spinal trauma in Rajaee Trauma Center, Shiraz, Iran.Methods: Data for this cross-sectional study were gathered from October ...
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Background: Spinal trauma is a devastating event which could disturb a person’s life. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and risk factors of spinal trauma in Rajaee Trauma Center, Shiraz, Iran.Methods: Data for this cross-sectional study were gathered from October 2009 to August 2015. The study was conducted through data extraction from the classified data of trauma patients admitted to Rajaei hospital. After performing some inclusion and ex- clusion criteria, 4630 cases were analyzed. The variables analyzed as the risk factors of spinal trauma included sex, age, cord injury, mechanism of injury, and injury severity score. Results: The prevalence of spinal trauma among traumatic patients was 7%; also, 3.7% of those with spinal trauma suffered cord injury. The mean age of the spinal traumatic patients was 38.2 ± 17.8, and male-to-female ratio was 2.394. Car accident, motorbikeaccident, and fall were the main causes of spinal trauma in this study. The lumbar region was the most common injured site in our study. Old age, cord injury, suicide, and car accident were the main risk factors of mortality among spinal traumatic patients. Risk factors of spinal trauma among traumatic patients were female gender, old age, and fall. The risk factors of cord injury in spinal traumatic patients were male gender, old age, and suicide. Conclusions: It was found that spinal trauma, spinal cord injury (SCI), and mortality among spinal traumatic patients in Iran de- pended on some risk factors, which should be reduced through eliminating such risk factors. Fall was the most prominent factor ofthe occurrence of spinal trauma. The most important factors of mortality in spinal traumatic patients were suicide and cord injury. Finally, suicide played the most important role in occurrence of SCI.
Research articles
Nasibeh Sharifi; Mahrokh Dolatian; Zohreh Mahmoodi; Fatemeh Mohammadi Nasrabadi; Yadollah Mehrabi
Volume 20, s1 , December 2018, Pages 1-1
Editorial
Ali Nazari; Gholamreza Noori; Elham Mohammadyari; Gholamreza Taebi; Hamed Tavan
Volume 20, s1 , December 2018, Pages 1-2
Research articles
Hulya Yucel; Omer Uysal
Volume 20, s1 , December 2018, Pages 1-7
Abstract
Background: Physical exercises increase quality of life (QoL) in diabetics. However, the optimal exercise type for patients with diabetes has not yet been established. It is unknown whether pilates is a suitable form of exercise for the QoL of patients with diabetes. Objectives: The aim of this study ...
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Background: Physical exercises increase quality of life (QoL) in diabetics. However, the optimal exercise type for patients with diabetes has not yet been established. It is unknown whether pilates is a suitable form of exercise for the QoL of patients with diabetes. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate effects of Pilates-based mat exercise (PBME) on glycemic control, anxiety, de- pression, and QoL in women with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: This prospective and randomized study was conducted with 24 women in the Pilates group and 21 womenin the control group. Socio demographic data were collected from both groups, including the duration of diabetes since diagnosis, medications being taken, insulin injections, sleep problems, and so on, as well as hospital records of blood laboratory test outcomes (fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin). Pain and fatigue symptoms were assessed using the visual analogue scale. Participants completed the 36-item short form health survey and the hospital anxiety depression scale. Participants in the exercise group performed PBME three times per week for 12 weeks. Both groups continued their routine diet and medical follow-ups during the intervention. Data from the groups were compared before and after the program. Results: Pain (3.00 ± 4.00, 2.00 ± 2.00, P = 0.001), fatigue (5.00 ± 2.00, 4.00 ± 1.00, P = 0.0001), mental health-related QoL (29.00 ± 5.00, 35.00 ± 3.00, P = 0.0001), anxiety (8.00 ± 3.00, 7.00 ± 3.00, P = 0.023), depression (9.00 ± 2.00, 8.00 ± 2.00, P = 0.019), fasting blood glucose (140.00 ± 31.00, 139.5 ± 32.00, P = 0.026), and glycosylated hemoglobin values (6.70 ± 1.16, 6.30±1.00, P = 0.001) inthe Pilates group differed before and after the intervention. In the control group, only glycosylated hemoglobin values (6.53 ± 1.42, 6.40 ± 1.27, P = 0.008) differed before and after the intervention. Conclusions: PBMEs affect the parameters of QoL in women with type 2 diabetes, and they might be recommended as a part of their treatment program
Research articles
Mohammad Arash Ramezani; Khodabakhsh Ahmadi; Afagh Ghaemmaghami; Somayeh Zamani; Seyed Hassan Saadat; Seyed Peyman Rahiminejad
Volume 20, s1 , December 2018, Pages 1-7
Abstract
Background: Quality-of-life therapy (QOLT) is an integrative psychotherapy that was formed by adding positive psychology con- cepts to cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT). Objectives: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of QOLT on the sexual self-concept of Iranian women. Patients ...
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Background: Quality-of-life therapy (QOLT) is an integrative psychotherapy that was formed by adding positive psychology con- cepts to cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT). Objectives: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the efficacy of QOLT on the sexual self-concept of Iranian women. Patients and Methods: A double-blind randomized experimental study was done from February 2011 to January 2012. The study subjects were recruited from a mental health nongovernmental organization in Isfahan, Iran. They were assigned randomly to two groups. The first group was under ten sessions of QOLT, and the second, as a control group, was under psycho-sexual education (PSE). General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28), the Multidimentional Sexual Self-Concept Questionnaire, and the Female SexualFunction Index (FSFI) were completed for participants before and after the intervention. The ANCOVA model was used for analysis. Results: The findings revealed no significant differences between the two groups in mental health (GHQ-28 scores) and female sexual dysfunction, but sexual self-concept changed. Two subscales of sexual self-concept, sexual monitoring (QOLT group = 6.3 ± 2.7 vs PSE group = 4.7 ± 3.1 P < 0.05) and sexual-problem management (QOLT group = 15.4 ± 3.8 vs PSE group=13.7 ± 3.9 P < 0.05), increased significantly during QOLT. Conclusions: QOLT did not impact mental health, but it could change many dimensions of sexual self-concept.
Research articles
Masoumeh Sarbaz; Hamid Reza Naderi; Mohammad Hassan Aelami; Saeid Eslami
Volume 20, s1 , December 2018, Pages 1-8
Abstract
Background: Physicians continually need to update their knowledge to ensure appropriate decision making about patient care. Objectives: We aimed to identify and compare information sources used by specialists and residents, their reasons for choosing these sources, and the level of their confidence in ...
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Background: Physicians continually need to update their knowledge to ensure appropriate decision making about patient care. Objectives: We aimed to identify and compare information sources used by specialists and residents, their reasons for choosing these sources, and the level of their confidence in these sources. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among specialists and residents using a validated questionnaire in the five academic hospitals affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (in northeast Iran). We compared the specialistswith residents in term of gender, age, years since graduation, use of information sources, confidence in use of information sources, and reasons for selecting the information sources. Within each group, we also investigated the effect of work experience and gender on frequently used information sources and users’ confidence in them. Results: The questionnaire was sent to 315 physicians, including 155 specialists and 160 residents. One hundred twenty-six specialists(response rate: 81 %) and 126 residents (response rate: 79%) completed it. The most frequently mentioned sources by all specialists included “English textbooks” (84.9%), “web/internet” (74.6%), “English medical journals” (62.3 %), and “discussions with colleagues” (57%). Among residents, “web/internet” (65.9%), “discussion with colleagues” (61.3%), and “Persian textbooks” (50.4%) were the most frequently used sources of information. In both groups, high confidence was demonstrated in “English textbooks,” “English medical journals,” and “international instructions/guidelines.” Both groups counted reliability, easy accessibility, and being up to date as their primary reasons for the selection of their information sources. There was also a significantly negative correlation between using the internet as an information source and age in specialists (Spearman’s rho=- 0.238, p=0.01), but not in residents. Conclusions: Reliability, easy accessibility, and being up to date should be considered in establishing information sources for physi- cians.
Research articles
Mohammad Hassan Abolhassani; Fariba Kolahdooz; Reza Majdzadeh; Mohammadreza Eshraghian; Roksana Mirkazemi; Abolghasem Djazayery
Volume 20, s1 , December 2018, Pages 1-8
Abstract
Background: Monitoring of food insecurity is a critical issue for planners and policymakers in the public and private sectors in developing countries. Due to the multifactorial and multidimensional nature of food security and a lack of clarity concerning the causes, specific signs, and consequences of ...
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Background: Monitoring of food insecurity is a critical issue for planners and policymakers in the public and private sectors in developing countries. Due to the multifactorial and multidimensional nature of food security and a lack of clarity concerning the causes, specific signs, and consequences of food insecurity, developing a reliable food security index is the major challenge related to monitoring food security. Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify the most appropriate indicators of food security at the provincial level in Iran through the application of an integrated approach including Delphi (classic Delphi) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) from March to September 2013.Materials and Methods: The sample included 43 senior-level managers and experts at the national and provincial levels from dif- ferent fields of related sciences; they were selected purposively as Delphi and AHP panel members based on the experts’ opinions and snowballing. In the first round of Delphi, out of 103 identified indicators, 38 were selected by the experts; the indicators were ranked in the second round. In the AHP study, 25 experts assigned weights in a pairwise comparison of the 20 indicators that had the highest priority based on the Delphi results. Using AHP matrix calculations, this list of indicators was ranked based on priority. Results: Out of 38 indicators identified in Delphi, 8 were related to the availability dimension, 14 were related to the access dimen- sion, and 16 were related to the utilization dimension. Out of 20 indicators that were ranked in the AHP study, 6 indicators were related to availability, 7 were related to utilization, and 7 were related to access dimensions. However, the indicators related to avail- ability had an overall higher rank compared to indicators related to access or utilization. Conclusions: This study identified and ranked 20 indicators as the most appropriate indicators of food security measurements at the provisional level in Iran.
Research articles
Reza Mahdavi; Fatemeh Ghannadiasl; Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi
Volume 20, s1 , December 2018, Pages 1-8
Abstract
Background: The use of weight-loss dieting has always been overemphasized as the first modality to treat obesity. Success in weight loss is considered a major problem in obese individuals. The processes of behavior change have been used to facilitate intervention promoting change. Only a minority of ...
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Background: The use of weight-loss dieting has always been overemphasized as the first modality to treat obesity. Success in weight loss is considered a major problem in obese individuals. The processes of behavior change have been used to facilitate intervention promoting change. Only a minority of studies have employed this construct for weight loss.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a balanced low-calorie diet with or without nutrition education on the weight loss and processes of change among obese women. Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, 90 apparently healthy obese women age 18 - 50 with body mass index (BMI) of 30 - 40 kg/m2 were recruited from the nutrition clinic in Ardabil, located in the northwest of Iran. Participants were assigned randomly to receivea balanced low-calorie diet with or without nutrition education. Participants completed a processes of change questionnaire at baseline and at three and six months after intervention. A generalized linear model repeated measures analysis of variances was used to assess the time effect as well as the interaction between the time and the group effect.Results: Significant differences were found in the time effect for weight (F = 12.64, df = 2, P < 0.001), BMI (F = 10.90, df = 2, P = 0.001), andcounterconditioning (F = 22.82, df = 2, P < 0.001), and helping relationships (F = 5.47, df = 2, P = 0.006), reinforcement management (F = 3.65, df = 2, P = 0.03), self-liberation (F = 5.05, df = 2, P = 0.008), stimulus control (F = 12.12, df = 2, P < 0.001), and substance abuse subscales (F = 6.72, df = 2, P = 0.002). Significant differences were shown in interaction time and group effect for weight (F = 5.69, df = 2, P = 0.011), BMI (F = 4.91, df = 2, P = 0.018) and counterconditioning (F = 5.11, df = 2, P = 0.008) and stimulus control (F = 5.50, df = 2, P = 0.006) subscales. Conclusions: The findings support the use of nutrition education for more weight loss and improvement in the counter condition- ing and stimulus control subscales among obese women attending the nutrition clinic. It seems that nutrition education should be considered important in effective weight-loss interventions.
Research articles
Mahdi Javid; Mohammad Hadian; Aziz Rezapour; Masoud Salehi; Mehdi Toroski
Volume 20, s1 , December 2018, Pages 1-5
Abstract
Background: A cost-effectiveness analysis is used to evaluate and compare the cost versus the benefits of different treatment modal- ities. The clinical effectiveness of laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been well documented. To our knowledge, there was no pub- lished data on the cost-utility of laparoscopic ...
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Background: A cost-effectiveness analysis is used to evaluate and compare the cost versus the benefits of different treatment modal- ities. The clinical effectiveness of laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been well documented. To our knowledge, there was no pub- lished data on the cost-utility of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Iran. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the cost-utility of the two surgical methods for removing gallstones: open cholecystec-tomy and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Patients and Methods: In this comparative cross-sectional analysis, we investigated the data of patients who had undergone la- paroscopic and open cholecystectomy operations in Kashani hospital, Iran, between 2012 and 2014. Using the available samples, two groups of 30 patients were randomly selected. SF-36 was used to assess the quality of life (QoL) of patients 30 to 35 days af- ter operation, and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were calculated by multiplying the SF-36 score by healthy years of life. An activity-based costing method was used to determine the costs of the operations. The cost-effectiveness ratio (CER) was calculatedby dividing the costs of each method by the gained QALY. To determine the difference between the two surgical methods, we used independent-samples t test. Results: The data of 60 patients, 40 men and 20 women, with the mean age of 54.30 ± 16.44 in the laparoscopic group and 51.77 ± 18.41 in the open cholecystectomy group were analyzed. The mean cost of surgery was lower in the laparoscopy group (2259 ± 895 USD) than in the laparotomy group (2972 ± 907.9 USD) (P = 0.003). The mean SF-36 score was higher in the laparoscopic group (65.98 ± 9.22) than in the open cholecystectomy group (58.03 ± 11.30) (P < 0.004). The cost of gaining QALY was also significantlylower in the laparoscopic group. The mean of the gained QALY index was 1.79 ± 0.29 and 1.14 ± 0.41 for the laparoscopic and open surgeries, respectively (P < 0.001). The incremental CER was 1067 USD for each QALY for the laparoscopic group in comparison to the value of open cholecystectomy. Conclusions: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was more cost-effective than open cholecystectomy and is therefore preferred and recommended in patients with gallstones.
Case reports
Masood Amini; Mohammadhassan Hashemizadeh; Hadi Hadavi; Masood Sepehrimanesh; Maryam Setoodeh
Volume 20, s1 , December 2018, Pages 1-4
Abstract
Introduction: Herniation of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus into the thoracic cavity is a common affliction in modern humans. Its incidence in North America has ranged from 10% to 80%. However, approximately complete herniation of the stomach is scarce. Therefore, we discussed this unusual ...
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Introduction: Herniation of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus into the thoracic cavity is a common affliction in modern humans. Its incidence in North America has ranged from 10% to 80%. However, approximately complete herniation of the stomach is scarce. Therefore, we discussed this unusual case. Case Presentation: A 43-year-old man with a hypochromic, microcytic, iron-deficient anemia picture, postprandial and postex- ercise respiratory failures, and epigastric pain was examined by a gastroenterologist in the outpatient clinic of mother and childspecialized hospital in Shiraz, Iran in November 2015. Left thorax hemiatrophy was obvious upon physical examination. Positive Helicobacter pylori, peripyloric erythema, and mild chronic active gastritis were diagnosed after an upper gastrointestinal (GI) en- doscopy and colonoscopy. In a barium-swallow upper GI series, malrotation of most of the patient’s stomach and the stomach’s dislocation in to the thoracic cavity were detected. A CT scan also showed a large hiatus hernia with a large part of the stomach in- serted in the defect. The patient revealed a history of a motorcycle accident about 28 years earlier. After the administration of general anesthesia and the semilateral positioning of the patient, five ports were inserted (three 5 mm and two 10 mm). The stomach was relocated into the abdominal cavity, and the bloody sac was dissected from the left and then the right cross, detached from the tho- racic cavity, and completely removed. Two cruses were sutured together using a 1/0 silk suture, and after releasing the short gastrics,a prophylactic Dor fundoplication was performed. The next morning, oral nutrition was started, and the patient was discharged in a good general health condition. Conclusions: Laparoscopic repair of a large hiatus hernia plus Dor fundoplication is an effective method of treatment of such a defect without any symptoms. However, it may be associated with the mild to moderate prevalence of recurring hernias.
Research articles
Zohreh Azarkar; Azadeh Ebrahimzadeh; Gholamreza Sharifzadeh; Masood Ziaee; Mohammad Fereidouni
Volume 20, s1 , December 2018, Pages 1-5
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis E infection is one of the most common causes of acute hepatitis. It is caused by the RNA virus of the hep- atomegaly viridae family, which is transferred through stool in contaminated water. Cases of infection are most prevalent in devel- oping countries. Objectives: This study ...
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Background: Hepatitis E infection is one of the most common causes of acute hepatitis. It is caused by the RNA virus of the hep- atomegaly viridae family, which is transferred through stool in contaminated water. Cases of infection are most prevalent in devel- oping countries. Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence of hepatitis E among urban adults. The reason was the current lack of information on the hepatitis E prevalence among the general population in the city of Birjand in eastern Iran. This information is necessary because Southern Khorasan is in close proximity to Afghanistan. Methods: In this cross sectional study, 522 participants aged over 17 years were selected from the city of Birjand, eastern Iran, using the random cluster sampling. The participants completed a researcher-made questionnaire that included demographic character- istics, risk factors for infectious diseases such as records of blood transfusions, specific exposures, intravenous drug abuse, recent diagnosis or a history of liver disease, and other medical information. After selection, a blood sample was taken from each partic- ipant to a volume of 5 cc. Each blood sample was then measured for the title of IgG antivirus of hepatitis E by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method using the third generation ELISA kit made by Delavara Company. Results: This study included 554 participants. The mean age of the participants was 41.4 years (age range, 17 - 72 years). From a total of 554 participants, 295 (53.2%) were females and the remainder were males. Results showed that the hepatitis E antibody title waspositive in 139 (25.1%) participants and negative in the others. Comparison of the prevalence rates of positive HEV between men and women showed no statistically significant difference although it was significantly higher in married participants than in single ones (P < 0.001). Results also showed that the prevalence was less in participants with a tertiary education compared to those with a lower level education. Along with age, the prevalence of the positive antibody title increased significantly. The prevalence of HEV in participants who were smokers was significantly (P < 0.001) lower than in those who were nonsmokers. Conclusions: In this study, the seroprevalence of contact with HEV in urban adults in the city of Birjand was 25%. The results of this study showed that the prevalence of hepatitis E in the city of Birjand, eastern Iran, was higher than in other places compared with previous studies on communities in Iran. Also, the prevalence of HEV in single and educated people was significantly less than that in married and literate individuals.
Research articles
Azita Kiani Asiabar; Farkhondeh Amin Shokravi; Majid Hajifaraji; Farid Zayeri
Volume 20, s1 , December 2018, Pages 1-12
Abstract
Background: Spouses can influence their wife’s health during pregnancy. However, dietary intake comprised of high value nu- trition in addition to spouses’ participation during pregnancy is an important aspect of female’s health, which has been widely neglected. Objectives: This study ...
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Background: Spouses can influence their wife’s health during pregnancy. However, dietary intake comprised of high value nu- trition in addition to spouses’ participation during pregnancy is an important aspect of female’s health, which has been widely neglected. Objectives: This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of educational programs with spouse’s participation on dietary during pregnancy. Methods: In the randomized controlled trial study, 128 nulliparous females attending Najmieh hospital based in Tehran, Iran, were randomly allocated to 2 intervention and 1 control group. In Group A, females received nutritional education with their spouses’ participation, in Group B, females received nutritional education alone, and in Group C, females received routine prenatal care, yet no guidance on dietary intake. Data was collected by completing 2 questionnaires, including demographic characteristics and the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQs). Results: In this trial study, the mean differences of serving/day of vegetables and yogurt from the dairy range was significantly higher in group A compared to B and the control group (1.27 serving/day vegetables - group A compared to 0.81 and 0.41 serving/day vegetables in groups B and C, respectively; P < 0.001, and 0.56 serving/day of yogurt in group A versus 0.33 and 0.32 serving/day of yogurt in groups B and C, respectively, P < 0.024). The mean differences of serving/day of dairy in groups A and B were significantly higher than the control group (1.97 and 1.66 serving/day in groups A and B, respectively versus 0.81 serving/day in the group C, P = 0.003). In addition, the mean differences of serving/day for fat sources in the intervention groups were significantly lower than thecontrol group (2.58 and 1.18 serving/day in groups A and B, respectively versus 0.38 serving/day in the group C, P = 0.035). Conclusions: The findings found improvement in intervention group A with intake of vegetables and yoghurt as dairy sources compared to Group B. In addition, their mean differences of dairy source was higher than Group C, while serving of fat sources was lower in both groups compared to the control group.
Research articles
Mohammad Kazem Sabzehei; Behnaz Basiri; Maryam Shokouhi; Afshin Fayyazi; Fatemeh Eghbalian
Volume 20, s1 , December 2018, Pages 1-5
Abstract
Background: Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is one of the important causes of neonatal respiratory distress and hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Objectives: The current study aimed at identifying the risk factors of TTN in a single tertiary care center. Methods: The ...
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Background: Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is one of the important causes of neonatal respiratory distress and hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Objectives: The current study aimed at identifying the risk factors of TTN in a single tertiary care center. Methods: The current prospective, case-control study was conducted on 180 newborns allocated in the 2 groups of with TTN (n = 90) as the case group, and without TTN (n = 90) as the control group for 1 year from April to March 2015 in a public hospital of Hamadan, Iran. Newborn and mother’s information was extracted from their medical records. Diagnosis of TTN was based on clinical and radiological findings, after ruling out other respiratory distress causes. Data were analyzed using logistic regression and P < 0.05 was considered the level of significance. Results: The raw data analysis of regression factors associated with TTN showed that the risk of TTN was higher in late preterm infants (odds ratio (OR): 6.15; 95% confi- dence interval (CI): 3.17 - 11.92, P = 0.001) as well as male newborns (OR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.17 - 0.62, P = 0.001), and those born by cesarean (OR: 11.22, 95% CI: 5.33 - 23.62, P = 0.001). Moreover, the risk of TTN increased with Apgar score in the first minute (OR: 0.02.95% CI: 0.00 - 0.05, P = 0.001) and decreased with the fifth minute (OR: 0.02; 95% CI: 0.00 - 0.06, P = 0.001). The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the odds of TTN of late preterm newborns was 2.96 times higher than that of term newborns(OR: 2.96, 95% CI: 1.09 - 8.04, P = 0.033). Furthermore, with increase in Apgar score in the first minute, the risk of TTN reduced (OR: 0.02; 95% CI: 0.01 - 0.07, P = 0.001). Conclusions: Prematurity and Apgar score in the first minute were the risk factors for TTN. Consequently, the risk of TTN can be reduced by the prevention of preterm birth and improvement of perinatal care.
Research articles
Shirin Ayani; Khadijeh Moulaei; Ashraf Alimadadi; Mahmoud Bakhtiari; Rafat Bayat; Faezeh Sadeghi; Samaneh Nematolahi; Mohammad Shahrabadi
Volume 20, s1 , December 2018, Pages 1-10
Abstract
Background: E-learning is a recent approach in education, commonly appreciated for teaching students in most scientific fields, particularly in the university. However, in medical education, this approach has difficulties that reduce its performance. Through the survey of the present models defining ...
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Background: E-learning is a recent approach in education, commonly appreciated for teaching students in most scientific fields, particularly in the university. However, in medical education, this approach has difficulties that reduce its performance. Through the survey of the present models defining E-learning components, in respect to the patient simulation systems playing an important role in medical education, some deficiencies of these models have been revealed. Objectives: In order to provide appropriate tools and techniques for implementing patient simulation within the learning man- agement system, this research aimed at identifying the deficiencies of E-learning models and proposing a new model. Methods: In this review article, published accredited articles or books were initially searched in order to obtain E-learning compo- nents and different types of patient simulation systems. Through a study of E-learning components in selected models, the short- comings in implementing various kinds of patient simulation systems were determined and the “Parsian” model was subsequently introduced. Results: According to the results of the conducted research, it was found that the group of component tools in E-learning models, which could be classified in 3 different groups, was not adequate for implementing patient simulation. In the “Parsian” model, necessary tools and techniques were introduced in 3 different groups of software, methods, and techniques and medical equipment.All these groups introduced in the “Parsian” model were applicable. Conclusions: In the school of medicine, professors need patient simulation systems to provide students with E-learning. However, at the moment, there is not such patient simulation system in the existing LMS s all over the world. The LMSs are usually designed to teach courses that are mostly theoretical (rather than practical). Implementation of an LMS, exclusively applicable with high competence for teaching in all the realms of medical sciences, is provided by the means of “Parsian” tools and techniques.
