Abbasali Ebrahimian; Raheb Ghorbani; Mehrooz Alishah; Alieh Zamani-Kiasari; Niloofar Kianvash-Rad; Monir Nobahar
Volume 21, Issue 5 , May 2019, , Pages 1-8
Abstract
Background: Aromatic herbs and spices contain essential oils and are recognized by their considerable antimicrobial activity. One of the natural mouthwashes in traditional Iranian medicine is Zufa. It is not clear, however, that the extract of Zufa can affect oral health as much as Chlorhexidine gluconate, ...
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Background: Aromatic herbs and spices contain essential oils and are recognized by their considerable antimicrobial activity. One of the natural mouthwashes in traditional Iranian medicine is Zufa. It is not clear, however, that the extract of Zufa can affect oral health as much as Chlorhexidine gluconate, which is a potent antimicrobial mouthwash.Objectives: This study aimed to compare the effect of Zufa and Chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwashes on oral flora of patients under mechanical ventilation in ICUs.Methods: This double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted on the ninety-ICU-patients receiving mechanical ventilation in a university-affiliated hospital in Sari, Iran, from June 2017 to March 2018. The patients were randomly divided into three groups (n = 30) using block randomization method; the Zufa, Chlorhexidine gluconate, and normal saline groups; the patients’ mouth were washed with 15 mL of the Zufa 0.02%, Chlorhexidine gluconate 2%, or normal saline 0.09%, 30 seconds, twice a day (eight am and four pm), for 3 days, respectively. Oral hygiene status was evaluated before the intervention, and then up to three days after that by the Beck oral assessment scales (BOAS).Results: The data of BOAS showed no significant difference between the Zufa, Chlorhexidine gluconate, and normal saline groups before the intervention phase (P > 0.05), and in this phase BOAS means in the Zufa, Chlorhexidine gluconate, and normal saline were 6.0 ± 40.56, 6.0 ± 43.72, and 6.47 ± 0.62, respectively. A significant association was found between the BOAS score after mouth- washes and the oral health of the patients in the three groups (P > 0.05).Conclusions: Based on the results of our study, mouthwashes of Zufa and normal saline showed the same effectiveness as Chlorhex- idine gluconate on the oral health of intubated patients hospitalized in the ICU.
Mahmoudreza Peyravi; Ali Asghar Peyvandi; Milad Ahmadi Marzaleh
Volume 21, Issue 5 , May 2019, , Pages 1-1
Abstract
In the great flood of Iran, a wide range of donations was presented to the people affected by the flood as the signof altruism and philanthropy. The Red Crescent of the Is- lamic Republic of Iran was majorly responsible for man-aging the donated goods.
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In the great flood of Iran, a wide range of donations was presented to the people affected by the flood as the signof altruism and philanthropy. The Red Crescent of the Is- lamic Republic of Iran was majorly responsible for man-aging the donated goods.
Hamid Ravaghi; Morteza Salemi; Masoud Behzadifar; Masood Taheri Mirghaed; Meysam Behzadifa; Zeynab Farhadi
Volume 20, s1 , December 2018, , Pages 1-11
Abstract
Context: The emergency department is the first place in the hospital that patients will be referred to receive services. Patients often experience an emergency referral in their lives. Emergency care and paraclinical services are provided to patients in this depart- ment. The current study aimed at evaluating ...
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Context: The emergency department is the first place in the hospital that patients will be referred to receive services. Patients often experience an emergency referral in their lives. Emergency care and paraclinical services are provided to patients in this depart- ment. The current study aimed at evaluating the patients’ satisfaction with the emergency departments in Iran through a system- atic review and meta-analysis. Evidence Acquisition: The databases including Web of Science (WOS), Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Ovid, as well as the Iranian databases such as Irandoc and Magiran in the Persian and English languages were searched from 2000 to 2017. The STROBE (strength- ening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology) checklist was used to assess the quality of the research methodolo-gies. The random model was used to determine the mean value of satisfaction, and the results were reported with the confidence interval (CI) of 95%. Also, sensitivity analysis, subgroup, and meta-regression were conducted. The Egger test was used to investigate the publication bias in the studies. Results: Based on the random model, the mean of satisfaction with emergency services in Iran was 70.52% (95% CI: 63.81 - 77.23). The results of the sensitivity analysis showed no change before and after the analysis of the results. Highest and lowest rates of patient satisfaction were reported in the Eastern (79.17%) and Northern regions (67.15%) of Iran, respectively. Conclusions: The current study findings showed that patients’ satisfaction with emergency services in Iran was high compared with the neighboring countries. Health policymakers should increase patients’ satisfaction through appropriate training, infor- mation, and increased human resources.
Amir Hosein Pishgooie; Abolfazl Rahimi; Morteza Khaghanizadeh
Volume 18, Issue 1 , 2018, Pages 1-8
Abstract
Background: Few studies have been conducted on role conflict in nursing faculty in the world. This research reports the first study about this subject in Iran. Objectives: The purpose of this research was to explore the experiences of role conflict in Iranian nursing faculty members. Materials and Methods: ...
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Background: Few studies have been conducted on role conflict in nursing faculty in the world. This research reports the first study about this subject in Iran. Objectives: The purpose of this research was to explore the experiences of role conflict in Iranian nursing faculty members. Materials and Methods: We conducted a qualitative study using a conventional content analysis approach. We used semi-structuredand in-depth interviews by purposive sampling of 19 (15 instructors, three group managers and one educational assistant) participants to identify the influential factors of role conflict among nurse faculty members, working in seven nursing colleges in Iran. Results: The three following categories emerged from data analysis: “roles Interference”; “role ambiguity”, and “conflicting expectations”. The main theme was “working in conflict climate”.Conclusions: This study highlighted the influential factors that could produce role conflict for nursing faculty members. The results can help university leaders to improve nursing faculty working conditions.
Narjes Bahri; Hamid Reza Tohidinik; Tahereh Fathi Najafi; Mona Larki; Thoraya Amini; Zahra Askari Sartavosi
Volume 18, Issue 1 , 2018, Pages 1-7
Abstract
Background: Hysterectomy is one of the most common gynecological surgeries performed worldwide. However, women undergoing this surgery often experience negative emotional reactions. Objectives: This study was done with the aim of investigating the relationship between hysterectomy and postoperative depression, ...
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Background: Hysterectomy is one of the most common gynecological surgeries performed worldwide. However, women undergoing this surgery often experience negative emotional reactions. Objectives: This study was done with the aim of investigating the relationship between hysterectomy and postoperative depression, three months after the procedure. Materials and Methods: This longitudinal study was conducted in the province of Khorasan-Razavi in Iran, using multistage sampling. At first, three cities were selected from the province by cluster sampling; then, five hospitals were randomly selected from these cities. The participants included 53 women who were hysterectomy candidates in one of the five selected hospitals. The participants’ demographics and hysterectomy procedure information were entered into two separate questionnaires, and the Beck depression inventory (BDI) was employed to measure their severity of depression before and three months after the surgery. The statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 16 was used for the statistical analysis, and a P value of < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The means and standard deviations of the participants’ depression scores before and three months after their hysterectomies were 13.01 ± 10.1 and 11.02 ± 10.3, respectively. Although the mean score of depression decreased three months after the hysterectomy, the difference was not statistically significant. However, a significant relationship was found between the satisfaction with the outcome of the hysterectomy and the postoperative depression score (P = 0.04).Conclusions: In this study, undergoing a hysterectomy did not show a relationship with postoperative depression three months after the surgery. Moreover, the only factor related to depression following a hysterectomy was satisfaction with the surgery.
Mehrdad Azarbarzin; Azadeh Malekian; Fariba Taleghani
Volume 18, Issue 1 , 2018, Pages 1-7
Abstract
Background: Cancer affects not only the patient but also their entire family, especially adolescents. Adolescents whose parents are ill may manifest their distress through changes in school performance, physical complaints of pain and discomfort, as well as changes in social and interpersonal relations. ...
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Background: Cancer affects not only the patient but also their entire family, especially adolescents. Adolescents whose parents are ill may manifest their distress through changes in school performance, physical complaints of pain and discomfort, as well as changes in social and interpersonal relations. There has been very little research about the effects of cancer on adolescents in Iran. Objectives: The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the Iranian adolescents’ experiences when living with a parent with cancer. Patients and Methods: In this research, the descriptive-explorative approach was used. There were a total of 27 participants. Pur- poseful sampling was used and data collection methods were semi-structured deep interviews. Constant comparative analysis was used to study the data. Results: The findings of this study showed that the main experiences of these adolescents were categorized into seven themes: 1- psychological problems of adolescents; 2- supportive-educative needs; 3- cancer as a two edged sword in family relationships; 4- stages of confrontation with the parent’s cancer; 5- effect of cancer on social dimensions; 6- affective and helpful supportive agents; 7- Need of support for education under special conditions. Conclusions: This research showed that Iranian adolescents had the same experiences as other adolescents in other countries in many aspects yet in some issues, such as religious strategy, they had strong religious beliefs that would help them cope with their parents’ cancer. Also it was shown that we must plan a program in which education and support should be provided to enable adolescents to cope with this detrimental situation with minimal disruption.
Mehdi Fazlalipour; Behzad Mohsenpour; Vahid Baniasadi; Tahmineh Jalali; Tahereh Mohammadi; Sanam Azad-Manjiri; Yasaman Jamshidi; Sara Azizizadeh; Motahareh Hosseini; Sahar Khakifirouz; Mostafa Salehi-Vaziri
Volume 19, Issue 11 , November 2017, , Pages 1-4
Abstract
Introduction: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a fatal tick-borne viral zoonosis. CCHF virus (CCHFV) has 7 distinct genotypes with a determined geographical distribution pattern. However, similar genotypes have been reported from distant geographical areas.Case Presentation: On 4 June 2016, ...
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Introduction: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a fatal tick-borne viral zoonosis. CCHF virus (CCHFV) has 7 distinct genotypes with a determined geographical distribution pattern. However, similar genotypes have been reported from distant geographical areas.Case Presentation: On 4 June 2016, a CCHF suspected case from Sanandaj city, Kurdistan province of Iran, was confirmed with CCHFV infection by RT-PCR test. The phylogenetic analyses showed a strain belonging to Europe-1 genotype.Conclusions: Considering the similarity of Iranian strain of Europe-1 genotype to the strains from Turkey and Russia, it could be claimed that Europe-1 genotype has introduced to Iran from European countries. However, to have a better understanding about the circulation of CCHFV Europe-1 genotype in Iran, further investigations should be performed.
Mehri Khoshhali; Iraj Kazemi; Sayed Mohsen Hosseini; Shiva Seirafian
Volume 19, Issue 10 , October 2017, , Pages 1-7
Abstract
Background: The change and trend in serum albumin levels after initiation of peritoneal dialysis may be a crucial determinant for clinical outcomes.Objectives: The current study aimed at determining the association between the trajectory of serum albumin and the 3-year clinical outcomes using a novel ...
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Background: The change and trend in serum albumin levels after initiation of peritoneal dialysis may be a crucial determinant for clinical outcomes.Objectives: The current study aimed at determining the association between the trajectory of serum albumin and the 3-year clinical outcomes using a novel approach joint modeling longitudinal and survival data. Furthermore, the current study was performed to compare the impact of baseline and trajectory serum albumin on predictability of 3-year outcomes.Methods: The current retrospective longitudinal study reviewed all of the available files of the patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) in Al-Zahra hospital, Isfahan, Iran, from May 2005 to March 2015. A total of 183 patients with at least 3 years follow-up were selected for the study. The independent variables of interest were baseline and the trajectories of serum albumin, age, gender, history of previous hemodialysis (HD), body mass index (BMI), baseline serum creatinine, and comorbidity including cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The outcomes of interest were death from all causes, transfer to HD and transplantation during the first 3 years of CAPD.Results: The patient and technique survival rates at 36 months were 71% and 77%, respectively. C-indexes (prediction errors) of mortality, transfer to HD, and transplantation for joint modeling with trajectories of serum albumin were higher (lower) than those of the Cox regression with baseline albumin. Hazard ratios of mortality, transfer to HD, and transplantation for trajectories of serum albumin were 0.409, 0.273, and 3.394, respectively.Conclusions: The current study indicated that the predictability of 3-year clinical outcomes using trajectories of serum albumin was higher than those of the baseline. According to the findings of the current study, it seems that controlling serum albumin over time in patients undergoing CAPD, particularly the ones with the history of diabetes and HD, can help to prevent or modify the clinical outcomes during the PD period.
Seyyd Musa al-Reza Hosseini; Said Zibaee; Mahdi Yousef; Ali Taghipour; Omid Ghanaei; Mohammadreza Noras
Volume 19, Issue 9 , September 2017, , Pages 1-7
Abstract
Background: Chronic hepatitis C is one of the most important causes of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Camel milk (CM) is a new candidate therapy for chronic hepatitis C (CHC).Objectives: The present study assessed the safety and efficacy of pegylated interferon alfa-2a and ribavirin with ...
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Background: Chronic hepatitis C is one of the most important causes of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Camel milk (CM) is a new candidate therapy for chronic hepatitis C (CHC).Objectives: The present study assessed the safety and efficacy of pegylated interferon alfa-2a and ribavirin with CM (CM + Peg IFN/RBV) and without CM (Peg IFN/RBV) in CHC genotype 2/3 infections.Methods: This study was an open-label, randomized, phase 2 trial. Sampling strategy and date was computer–generated randomization. The researchers randomly selected 45 adult patients (ages > 18 years), who were treatment-naive with CHC infection (noncirrhotic) to receive Peg IFN/RBV with standard-dose alone (group A, n = 23), CM + Peg IFN/RBV: 500 cc orally per day (group B, n = 22) for 24 weeks in Iran. The primary efficacy outcomes were early virological response (EVR12) and end-of-treatment response (ETR24), the secondary efficacy outcome was sustained virological response (SVR24), and the safety outcomes were adverse events and laboratory tests at end-treatment to assess.Results: The EVR12 was 60% (12/20), ETR24 90% (18/20), and SVR24 100% (18/18) of CM + Peg IFN/RBV therapy. The EVR12 was 15% (3/20), ETR24 70% (14/20), and SVR24 rates were 71% (10/14) in Peg IFN/RBV therapy (P < 0.05). Rates of discontinuation due to adverse events were 8.6% (2/23) in control and no discontinuation in intervention group. The most common adverse events were fatigue, anemia, and insomnia.Conclusions: Combination of CM with Peg IFN/RBV for 48 weeks showed significant improvements in the viral response and decreased adverse effects in CHC genotype 2/3 (P < 0.05). The data of the study supported the CM synergistic antiviral activity of Peg IFN/RBV. Large clinical trials are needed to confirm the results.
Ebrahim Shakiba; Nahid Khademi; Malihe Khoramdad; Yousef Alimohamadi; Neda Izadi
Volume 19, Issue 8 , August 2017, , Pages 1-6
Abstract
Background: There is some evidence suggesting that Body Mass Index (BMI) may increase plasma lipoprotein levels.Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the possible association between BMI and dyslipidemia among the government staff of Kermanshah.Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional ...
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Background: There is some evidence suggesting that Body Mass Index (BMI) may increase plasma lipoprotein levels.Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the possible association between BMI and dyslipidemia among the government staff of Kermanshah.Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was performed on the staff of 13 governmental organizations in Kermanshah (a city located in the west of Iran) in 2012. The staff was recruited using census method. We obtained information of 1496 staff aged 22 - 69 through the standardized stepwise questionnaire for NCDs risk factor surveillance. The staff was then physically examined by trained persons. Finally, their blood samples were obtained.Results: The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 16.6% in the study group, with the prevalence of 18.2% in men and 7.9% in women. There were also 53% (55.8% in men and 7.9% in women) and 17.8% (17.6% in men and 38.1% in women) prevalence rates for overweight and obesity, respectively. Dyslipidemia was significantly associated with factors such as BMI (P value = 0.004), gender (P value < 0.001), marital status (P value = 0.01), cigarette smoking (P value = 0.008), and hookah smoking (P value = 0.002), but not with passive smoking, age, education level, physical activity, FBS (fast blood sugar), WHR (waist to hip ratio), hypertension, waist size, and hip size.In the adjusted model, there was a link merely between obesity and dyslipidemia while no statistically significant association was found between dyslipidemia and overweight. Moreover, a non-linear dose-response association was observed between dyslipidemia and BMI.Conclusions: Since dyslipidemia was significantly prevalent among men, fat people, and smokers, a particular attention is crucial to be paid to these groups.
Walieh Menati; Abdolvahab Baghbanian; Mohsen Asadi-Lari; Javad Moazen; Rostam Menati; Malihe Sohrabivafa; Ali Sadeghi Moghaddam; Aziz Kassani
Volume 19, Issue 7 , July 2017, , Pages 1-7
Abstract
Background: Socioeconomic status (SES) is one of the main determinants of health-related quality of life (HRQoL), where people with lower SES experience more health problems, have a lower quality of life, and are exposed to have a greater number of healthrelated risk factors.Objectives: This study aimed ...
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Background: Socioeconomic status (SES) is one of the main determinants of health-related quality of life (HRQoL), where people with lower SES experience more health problems, have a lower quality of life, and are exposed to have a greater number of healthrelated risk factors.Objectives: This study aimed to examine the relationships between HRQoL, SES, and several demographic factors among the residents of the city of Ilam (located at the West of Iran).Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 400 households from 3 districts of the city of Ilam in 2015. The participants were selected on the basis of the multistage sampling method. The second version of the 12-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12v2) questionnaire and the Wealth Index were used to measure HRQoL and SES, respectively.Results: The mean scores of the physical component summary (PCS) and the mental component summary (MCS) were 46.32±9.69 and 42.12 ± 9.11, respectively. The findings indicated that PCS (P = 0.01) and MCS (P = 0.01) were significantly related to SES (wealth index). The demographic variables of age, gender, education level, marital status, job status, and home ownership (P < 0.05) were also significantly related to both PCS and MCS.Conclusions: HRQoL is directly related to SES, in that HRQoL is higher in families with higher SES. Similarly, HRQL is higher in younger people, men, and those with a university degree. A decrease in socio-economic inequalities and the gap between the rich and the poor can enhance the individuals’ health status and HRQoL within a community
Shahram Yazdani; Arezou Farajpour; Sareh Shakerian
Volume 19, Issue 7 , July 2017, , Pages 1-8
Abstract
Background: Among core competencies introduced by the Accreditation council for graduate medical education (ACGME), practice-based learning and improvement (PBLI) monitors the improvement and quality of physicians’ performance during their professional practice. Understanding and knowledge of the ...
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Background: Among core competencies introduced by the Accreditation council for graduate medical education (ACGME), practice-based learning and improvement (PBLI) monitors the improvement and quality of physicians’ performance during their professional practice. Understanding and knowledge of the viewpoints of medical professionals, planners, and graduates about the concept of PBLI and investigating its current status are required for proposing appropriate policies and plans in this area.Methods: This qualitative study was performed through thematic content analysis. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather data in Tehran, Iran from June 2016 to January 2017. Purposeful sampling was applied, and the participants included experts, planners, and medical graduates. While considering the trustworthiness criteria during the study, interviews were performed, transcribed, and coded. We used ATLAS.ti version 6 for coding and categorization.Results: The study sample consisted of 11 participants, including 4 executive officials, 4 experts of medical education, and 3 general practitioners (4 females and 7 males). The average age of the participants was 48 ± 8.47 years. The analyses introduced 9 categories, 56 subcategories, and 224 initial codes. The main categories included: PBLI attributes, components of PBLI, shortcomings of the academic educational system, shortcomings of the health system, strategies for academic education reform, strategies for health system reform, activators of PBLI, solutions for gaps in PBLI, and need for PBLI.Conclusions: PBLI is a professional necessity for all physicians. Feasibly, excellence in clinical care can be achieved with this competency. Implementation of PBLI requires a competency-based curriculum, academic education, and a proper infrastructure for its implementation in clinical service delivery environments. Health system stewardship plays a great role in overcoming the challenges and developing coordinated national systems.
Mahboubeh Bayat; Iraj Harirchi; Gholamhossein Salehi Zalani; Ali Akbari-Sari; Azad Shokri; Mahmoud Khodadost; S. Elmira Mirbahaeddin; Mehdi Yaseri; Ebrahim Jaafaripooyan
Volume 19, Issue 7 , July 2017, , Pages 1-8
Abstract
Background: Cancer is the third cause of death in Iran. Oncologists play a key role in declining the mortality rate of cancer.Objectives: This study aims to accurately estimate oncologists’ active supply by using 3 sources of capture-recapture (CRC) in Iran.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study ...
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Background: Cancer is the third cause of death in Iran. Oncologists play a key role in declining the mortality rate of cancer.Objectives: This study aims to accurately estimate oncologists’ active supply by using 3 sources of capture-recapture (CRC) in Iran.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in 2015 targeting all oncologists in Iran registered in 3 independent sources, a hospitals national survey (213), database of Iran ministry of health and medical education (180), and the database of continuing medical education (173) were used to identify number of oncologists that were active. Duplicate records between the 3 sources were identified and removed using the Microsoft Office Access software. Medical council codes, names, surnames, as well as national ID codes were used for data linkage between the 3 sources.Results: After removing the duplicate records, a total of 314 oncologists were identified. Based on the selected model, it was estimated that the total number of oncologists were 533 in 2015. They included 325 adult hematologist-oncologists, followed by 88 pediatric oncologists, 47 surgical oncologists, 20 gynecologic oncologists, and 18 urologic oncologists. The estimated ratios for oncologist to population and oncologist to patients suffering from cancer were 0.67 and 1.34 per 100,000, respectively. Completeness of data for all 3 data sources after removing duplicates was 59.13%.Conclusions: This study highlighted the shortage of oncologists in Iran and showed that the quality of Iran specialists’ registration databases needs improvement.
Tahereh Kashkalani; Mohammadreza Maleki; Seyed Jamaladin Tabibi; Amir Ashkan Nasiripour
Volume 19, Issue 7 , July 2017, , Pages 1-10
Abstract
Background: No specific model has been developed so far to determine the number of clinical faculty members required for medical schools as the most important and most costly workforce.Objectives: Since any action in this regard needs to understand the current status, this study aimed to identify the ...
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Background: No specific model has been developed so far to determine the number of clinical faculty members required for medical schools as the most important and most costly workforce.Objectives: Since any action in this regard needs to understand the current status, this study aimed to identify the factors and variables involved in staffing of medical schools in Iran.Methods: This was an analytical descriptive study conducted with qualitative approach in early 2016. Participants included 15 educational deputies of Medical Sciences Universities in Iran who were selected through purposeful intensity sampling. Data were collected using in-depth interviews and analyzed using inductive qualitative content analysis via seven-stage framework analysis.Results: Five categories of factors were identified to affect the number of clinical faculties in Medical Sciences Universities of Iran, namely “faculties’ functions and range of work”, “characteristics of faculty members”, “features of the faculties’ service delivery location”, “department/major properties”, and “dominating objectives and policies”.Conclusions: A variety of subjective and inaccurate factors are considered for estimating the required number of clinical faculties in Iran among which only a few are the same as criteria for other faculties. The prerequisites that organize the factors and components in the form of a system are: clearly determining the responsibility of clinical education space and then, defining relatively identical financial incentives for various functions of faculty members.
Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh; Kourosh Sayehmiri; Abbas Ebadi; Asghar Dalvandi; Sahar Dalvand; Sadat Seyed Bagher Maddah; Kian Norouzi Tabrizi
Volume 19, Issue 6 , June 2017, , Pages 1-9
Abstract
Context: Considering the stressful conditions of life and social difficulties, an important question is why are some people can show positive adaptation and avoid mental health disorders, while others cannot? The present study aimed at reviewing the national studies on the correlation between resilience ...
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Context: Considering the stressful conditions of life and social difficulties, an important question is why are some people can show positive adaptation and avoid mental health disorders, while others cannot? The present study aimed at reviewing the national studies on the correlation between resilience and mental health.Evidence Acquisition: In this systematic review, all national articles published in international and national databases weresearched without restrictions, using the following keywords: “Resilience OR Resiliency” AND “Mental health” OR “General Health” and their combinations. The Persian equivalents of these words were also used in Persian language sites. Finally, based on PRISMA guidelines, 15 studies were selected. The results of these studies were combined using the random effects model of meta-analysis.Results: In the present research, 16 correlation studies were examined without time limits, and with a sample size of 3157. Overall, a positive correlation was found between resilience and mental health in the national studies (r = 0.48). The results showed that the correlation between resilience and mental health was lower in the population of school and university students than among other populations (r = 0.39, compared to r = 0.54). The analysis based on geographical division indicated that the highest correlation between resilience and mental health existed in the fifth area (r = 0.83), and the lowest correlation was found in the fourth area (r = 0.35).Conclusions: By providing cognitive, behavioral and emotional responses in stressful situations, resilience can maintain and improve mental health.
Mojgan Mirghafourvand; Sakineh Mohammad -Alizadeh-Charandabi; Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi; Azam Mohammadi; Sedigheh Soltanpour
Volume 19, Issue 5 , May 2017, , Pages 1-9
Abstract
Background: The functional status questionnaire is aimed as a self-administered functional assessment of the mothers’ performance in the postpartum period based on five different areas, including baby care, personal care, household, social and community, and occupational activities.Objectives: ...
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Background: The functional status questionnaire is aimed as a self-administered functional assessment of the mothers’ performance in the postpartum period based on five different areas, including baby care, personal care, household, social and community, and occupational activities.Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the functional status questionnaire for assessing Iranian women in the postpartum period.Methods: In this cross-sectional, methodological study, 200 Iranian women were selected randomly via a two-stage cluster sampling method at the end of the postpartum 6th week from healthcare centers in six areas of Tehran (the capital of Iran). The translation validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by forward and backward translation. Content-related validity was determined in two qualitative and quantitative sections, respectively, by evaluating the experts’ opinions and calculating of content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI), while the face validity was evaluated by a sample of 30 mothers in the postpartum period. To determine the construct validity, exploratory factor analysis was used. The reliability was determined in terms of reproducibility via the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) by test-retest and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha).Results: The CVI and CVR as the indices for content validity were 0.88 and 0.82, respectively. Further, the reliability was good, both in terms of reproducibility (ICC = 0.96) and internal consistency (α= 0.73). The construct validity was also supported by the exploratory factor analysis for all four areas of functional status. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) index of household, social and community, baby care, and personal care activities subscales was calculated as 0.85, 0.85, 0.56, and 0.50, respectively. The total variance (%) for household activities, social and community, baby care, and personal care was 56.86, 53.94, 38.07, and 43.39. All items with a minimum and maximum factor loading of 0.2 and 0.96 are placed at the right factor.Conclusions: The findings support the instrument’s validity and reliability. Therefore, it is recommended to be used for both clinical and research purposes.
Mohammad Heidari; Narges Khanjani; Aliakbar Haghdoost
Volume 19, Issue 4 , April 2017, , Pages 1-10
Abstract
Background: Suicide in Iran is more or less the problem of the western region of the country. Although previous studies have described the features of suicide, they didn’t study the trends through reliable methodology.Objectives: We study changes in temporal trends of suicide mortality in the west ...
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Background: Suicide in Iran is more or less the problem of the western region of the country. Although previous studies have described the features of suicide, they didn’t study the trends through reliable methodology.Objectives: We study changes in temporal trends of suicide mortality in the west of Iran using joinpoint regression analysis.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Data for all registered suicide cases in western province of Kermanshah in Iran during 2003 - 2014 was retrieved from the death registry of Iranian legal medicine organization. After direct standardization of the rates, we analyzed data by joinpoint regression analysis to discover the main changes of the trends.Results: Overall suicide mortality has increased from 10.6 per 100,000 in 2003 to 12.4 in 2014, which equals to 1.5 % (+0.1 - + 2.8) annual percentage change (APC). Increase in suicide rate for women was remarkably higher than men (APC = 4.5 for women and 0.5 for men (P value < 0.001)). Majority of increase belonged to age group 20 - 29 in women and 30-39 in men. Old men have an increasing trend during the last decade. Hanging constantly increased in both genders with APC of 4.2 (+1.9 - + 6.5) while self-burning decreased after 2006 in women with APC of -5.9 (-12.6 - + 1.2) and poisoning increased in 2011 in men with APC of 17.0 (-4.0 - + 42.5). The number of suicide death in married couples has increased for both genders while for single women decreased in 2007. For women, suicide in low educated or illiterate decreased and in high educated increased, while in men it increased in both educational levels.Conclusions: Suicide in the west of Iran has increased slightly during 2003 - 2014 with remarkable differences for men and women. Suicide in old men and women has increased profoundly and may be due to losing their familial and social support in modern life. Pattern of suicide in women has changed dramatically from most rural, uneducated, and self-burned to most urban, high educated, and hanging use form.
Homayoun Sadeghi-Bazargani; Bahram Samadirad; Mina Golestani
Volume 19, Issue 4 , April 2017, , Pages 1-2
Abstract
The agricultural industry is one of the most hazardous industries. The combination of causes in the agricultural industry determines the potential to damage (1).
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The agricultural industry is one of the most hazardous industries. The combination of causes in the agricultural industry determines the potential to damage (1).
Khodadad Sheikhzadeh; Ali Akbar Haghdoost; Abbas Bahrampour; Ahmad Raeisi; Farzaneh Zolala; Farshad Farzadfar; Amir Kasaeian; Mahboubeh Parsaeian
Volume 19, Issue 4 , April 2017, , Pages 1-8
Abstract
Background: Over the past years, the malaria elimination program has considerably decreased the malaria indigenous cases and confined their incidence to the southeastern areas of Iran encompassing 28 less developed counties with favorable transmission conditions.Objectives: The aim of the study was to ...
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Background: Over the past years, the malaria elimination program has considerably decreased the malaria indigenous cases and confined their incidence to the southeastern areas of Iran encompassing 28 less developed counties with favorable transmission conditions.Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of climatic and socioeconomic indicators on malaria transmission and to predict malaria transmission risk until 2025 for all the southeastern endemic counties in Iran.Methods: The aggregated data from indigenousmalaria cases, as well as, climatic and socioeconomic indicators of malaria endemic areas were collected on the monthly basis from each county between 2005 and 2015. The collected variables were, then, estimated until 2025 using time series analysis. Considering the nature of these data, two different multilevel models were implemented for vivax andfalciparum based on the socioeconomic variable that was used. Finally, applying two differentmodels, two sets of estimates were obtained for malaria transmission risk in each county.Results: The annual decline of malaria transmission was estimated to be 17% based on model 1, and 25% based on the model 2 for vivax (P < 0.001). These estimates were 13% and 21% for falciparum (P < 0.001), respectively. For every increased unit in the wealth index, malaria transmission for vivax and falciparum decreased by 33% (P = 0.001) and 12% (P = 0.54), respectively. Also, for every increase in the mean years of schooling, the transmission decreased by 65% (P < 0.001) and 57% (P = 0.001) for vivax and falciparum. Conclusions: The results of this study, using climatic variables along with socioeconomic variables, indicated the obvious influence of socioeconomic status improvement on decreasing malaria transmission. According to the results, malaria transmission risk will considerably diminish in the next few years. The pattern of malaria transmission decline was consistent with the declining trend of malaria incidence which will move from the west to the east and from the north to the south in the years to come. The transmission risk for falciparum was considerably lower than that of vivax and the endemic areas of falciparum move towards 0 faster than vivax.
Roghieh Kharaghani; Maryam Damghanian
Volume 19, Issue 3 , March 2017, , Pages 1-10
Abstract
Context: Dysmenorrhea is the most common gynecological complaint in Iran but the true prevalence of it is not clear yet. This study is aimed to estimate the overall prevalence of dysmenorrhea in Iran.Evidence Acquisition: International and national electronic databases including PubMed, ISI, Ovid, Scopus, ...
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Context: Dysmenorrhea is the most common gynecological complaint in Iran but the true prevalence of it is not clear yet. This study is aimed to estimate the overall prevalence of dysmenorrhea in Iran.Evidence Acquisition: International and national electronic databases including PubMed, ISI, Ovid, Scopus, Science Direct, SID, MagIran and IranMedex were searched up to January 2016. All studies, in which the prevalence of dysmenorrhea in Iran had been reported, were included in this meta-analysis. Eligible studies were reviewed, and data was extracted onto a standard data sheet. A Meta-analysis was done by a random-effects model with a 95% confidence interval (CI).Results: Twenty-five studies were assessed involving an overall of 9,677 participants, of which 6,748 had primary dysmenorrhea and 280 had secondary dysmenorrhea. The overall prevalence of primary and secondary dysmenorrhea was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.65, 0.77) and 0.18 (95% CI: 0.03, 0.32), respectively.Conclusions: Primary dysmenorrhea is a common problem in Iran however, there are only a few studies regarding secondary dysmenorrhea prevalence. Moreover, there is a significant variation between the results of the studies on the primary dysmenorrhea prevalence. Therefore, further evidence-based data on national studies is needed to estimate the exact estimation of dysmenorrhea prevalence in Iran.
Gohar Mohammadi; Mohammad Esmaeil Akbari; Yadollah Mehrabi; Ali Ghanbari Motlagh; Mohammad Heidari; Shahla Ghanbari
Volume 19, Issue 3 , March 2017, , Pages 1-8
Abstract
Background: It is important to be able to predict cancer incidence and mortality rates for planning and managing the risk factors.Objectives: The present study investigated the changes in the incidence and mortality rates of five most common cancers in Iran.Methods: The cancer incidence and mortality ...
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Background: It is important to be able to predict cancer incidence and mortality rates for planning and managing the risk factors.Objectives: The present study investigated the changes in the incidence and mortality rates of five most common cancers in Iran.Methods: The cancer incidence and mortality data were obtained from the national cancer and mortality registries. Five most common cancers in both men and women were selected. Changes in the incidence and mortality rates of the selected cancers in both sexes were estimated by age group, annual percent change (APC), and average APC (AAPC) and then graphically displayed.Results: The most common cancers (except skin cancer) were breast, colorectal, stomach, esophageal, and thyroid cancers in women and stomach, prostate, bladder, colorectal, and esophageal cancers in men, respectively. The AAPCs of all cancer incidence rates had increased by 11.9% in men and 11.6% in women from 2002 to 2010. Also, the mortality rates had enhanced by 0.4% and 0.1% per year in men and women from 2006 to 2011, respectively. The greatest APC was reported in prostate cancer. The rate had increased by 41.9% from 2002 to 2004, by 13.4% from 2004 to 2008, andslowly augmented by 3.9% from 2008 to 2010. In women, the greatest APC was observed in colorectal cancer; the rate had enhanced by 13.4% per year from 2002 to 2010. The greatest increase for age-standardized mortality and incidence in 2011 was attributed to gastric cancer (12.5% and 17.1% per 100,000 men, respectively). In women, the highest age-standardized mortality rate was related to gastric cancer at 6.9% per 100,000 women. The incidence and mortality patterns of colorectal and esophageal cancers in men and women were similar, although they were slightly higher in menthan women.Conclusions: Overall, cancer incidence rates had increased in both sexes. Many factors were responsible, such as changes in lifestyle, environmental factors, increased life expectancy, improvements in the registration systems, and declining mortality rates due to early detection and treatment. The results of this study provided useful information for the prediction of changes in the incidence and mortality of cancer and subsequent design of cancer control programs in Iran.
Sedigheh Sedigh Mobarakabadi; Khadijeh Mirzaie Najmabadi; Mahmoud Ghazi Tabatabaie; Habibollah Esmaily
Volume 19, Issue 2 , February 2017, , Pages 1-8
Abstract
Background: Although there are studies that suggest a vast expansion of medicalization of pregnancy and birth in Iran, data about the rate of intervention applications caused by the medicalization in low-risk pregnancies and birth is limited. Moreover, there is limited information on the effectiveness ...
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Background: Although there are studies that suggest a vast expansion of medicalization of pregnancy and birth in Iran, data about the rate of intervention applications caused by the medicalization in low-risk pregnancies and birth is limited. Moreover, there is limited information on the effectiveness of these interventions for different modes of childbirth.Objectives: This study aimed to determine the rate of application of maternal medicalized care in low-risk pregnancies and births and to identify the factors that are associated with type of delivery.Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed by stratified-cluster sampling on 320 postpartum women from four public and private hospitals in Mashhad, Iran. The data collection instrument was a designed and standardized tool for assessment of medicalized pregnancy and childbirth. Also, descriptive tests and logistic regression were used. A value of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all tests.Results: In this study, the rates of natural vaginal and caesarean birth were 34.7% and 65.3%, respectively. Preconception and prenatal care received from an obstetrician were 72.8% and 51.6%, respectively. Themedian number of prenatal visits, laboratory examinations and sonography procedures was 12, 3 and 4, respectively. In 49.4% of the cases, the women were hospitalized before the onset of labor. Early admission (OR = 2.40; 95% CI = 1.93 - 2.97; P = 0.001) and performing electronic fetal heart monitoring during admission (OR = 2.47; 95% CI = 1.28 - 4.73; P = 0.006) were the interventions that the regression logistic analysis identified as associated with a higher rate of caesarean delivery.Conclusions: It seems that obstetric interventions are widely applied in low-risk pregnancies and births. Some of these interventions have the effect of increasing the rate of caesarean delivery. According to the provided information, it seems that it is necessary to adjust health policy to provide appropriate care for low-risk pregnancies and births.
Sana Eybpoosh; Abbas Bahrampour; Kayhan Azadmanesh; Ehsan Mostafavi; Ali Akbar Haghdoost; Farzaneh Zolala
Volume 19, Issue 2 , February 2017, , Pages 1-13
Abstract
Background: The origins and spatio-temporal dynamics of the HIV-1 subtype B and CRF01_AE clades are largely unknown in Iran.Objectives: This study investigates the origins and spatio-temporal dynamics of HIV-1 subtype B and CRF01_AE clades in Iran using the most recent phylogeographic methods.Methods: ...
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Background: The origins and spatio-temporal dynamics of the HIV-1 subtype B and CRF01_AE clades are largely unknown in Iran.Objectives: This study investigates the origins and spatio-temporal dynamics of HIV-1 subtype B and CRF01_AE clades in Iran using the most recent phylogeographic methods.Methods: This Bayesian phylogeographic study examined HIV-1 sequence data available in the Los Alamos HIV databases. For the purposes of this study, we retrieved all the eligible time-stamped and geo-referenced HIV-1 subtype B (pol p66 and p51 RT) and CRF01_- AE (gp160) sequences from Iran. The majority of these data were obtained from studies using convenience and snowball sampling. Evolutionary and phylogeographic parameters were jointly estimated for each clade using BEAST software v.1.8.1. A Bayesian stochastic search variable selection method, with a threshold of 3.0 for the Bayes factors test, was used to obtain significant migration rates of the virus.Results: Our results suggest that the subtype B epidemic was introduced to Iran from Southern China, Germany and the USA. Although the migration rate from the USA to Iran was found to be statistically insignificant, the results suggested that the USA was the earliest exporter of the subtype B to Iran (i.e. since 1974, 95% Highest Posterior Density (HPD): 1966-1974). Moreover, based on our findings, the CRF01_AE clade was first introduced to Iran from Thailand (1988, 95% HPD: 1986 - 1990). Among the factors contributing to the transmission of subtype B to Iran from Germany is the transit of goods and long-distance truck driving. However, the factors behind the transmission of this clade from the USA and Southern China remain unknown. Similar to many countries, the introduction of CRF01_AE from Thailand might be attributed to sex tourism.Conclusions: There is evidence to suggest that subtype B and CRF01_AE were introduced to Iran through multiple pathways and origins, including Germany, Southern China, the USA, and Thailand. Factors such as international trade, the transit of goods, and tourism are among themost likelymethods for transmission of these clades. However, the existing preventive strategies in Iran have been mostly focused on other risk groups, including sex workers and intravenous drug users. The findings of our study highlight the need for the further development of targeted preventive strategies, such as educational interventions, aimed at tourists, truck drivers, and people involved in international trade and transactions in order to prevent the onward transmission of disease.
Donya Khosravi; Maliheh Arab; Behnaz Ghavami; Maryam Shokrpour; Samaneh Sheibani; Samaneh Saraeian
Volume 19, Issue 1 , January 2017, , Pages 1-5
Abstract
Introduction: This was a report of uterocutaneous fistula as a rare complication of expectant management of placenta increta, and a review of the literature.Case Presentation: A 38- year- old pregnant woman in her third term of pregnancy was operated on in a secondary hospital in Arak (a city located ...
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Introduction: This was a report of uterocutaneous fistula as a rare complication of expectant management of placenta increta, and a review of the literature.Case Presentation: A 38- year- old pregnant woman in her third term of pregnancy was operated on in a secondary hospital in Arak (a city located in the center of Iran) in April 2015. As a result of placenta incereta, the attached placenta was left in the uterus. On the 38th day, she was referred to our tertiary care hospital due to intermittent fever and bleeding. More examinations by MRI and hystrosalpingography revealed uterocutaneous fistula. She was operated on again, and surgical findings indicated coexistent uterine necrosis and uterocutaneous fistula.Conclusions: This case was the first reported morbidity of fistula in the uterocutaneous pathway.
Parisa Taheri Tanjani; Annette Dobson; Mehran Babanejad; Hosein Karim; Farid Najaf
Volume 19, Issue 1 , January 2017, , Pages 1-8
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of Hypertension (HTN) in developing countries might have a different pattern in different countries.Objectives: This study aimed at investigating the current pattern of HTN and evaluating its relationship with health complaints in elderly Iranian individuals in 2012.Methods: ...
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Background: The prevalence of Hypertension (HTN) in developing countries might have a different pattern in different countries.Objectives: This study aimed at investigating the current pattern of HTN and evaluating its relationship with health complaints in elderly Iranian individuals in 2012.Methods: This cross sectional study used multistage sampling to investigate 1 350 Iranian elderly subjects (≥ 60 years) living in the community. Those elderly, who had a systolic blood pressure (SBP)≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP)≥ 90 mmHg and/or those who used antihypertensive drugs during the previous two weeks, were considered as HTN. A face-to-face interview was performed using a structured questionnaire, including demographic factors, awareness, treatment and control of HTN, and health complaints for each individual. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analyses were applied to detect the most important variables related to HTN.Results: Hypertension was seen in 48.5% of individuals. Awareness, treatment, and control of HTN were seen in 40.7%, 82.5%, and 30% of individuals, respectively. Elderly individuals with HTN had significantly more experienced visual disturbances (P = 0.03), fecal or urinary incontinence (P = 0.006), nocturia (P = 0.002), attacks of shortness of breath (P = 0.004), and hyperlipidaemia (P < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounders such as ethnicity, nocturia (OR, 1.34; CI 95%, 1.02 - 1.75) and hyperlipidemia (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.5 - 2.51) remained significantly relevant to HTN.Conclusions: The prevalence of HTN was lower in elderly community-living Iranians than developed countries, yet, was still considerable. Nocturia and hyperlipidemia were the most common health complaints in Iranian elderly with HTN.
