Mostafa Ghanei; Seyed Hassan Saadat; Alireza Najimi-Varzaneh; Mohammad Gholami Fesharaki
Volume 26, Issue 1 , 2024
Abstract
Context: The prevalence of in-hospital death due to COVID-19 hospital is one of the qualitative indexes, which can be used to assess the quality of care, as well as the mortality patterns in COVID-19 pandemic.Objectives: Therefore, this study has been done with the goal of estimating overall prevalence ...
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Context: The prevalence of in-hospital death due to COVID-19 hospital is one of the qualitative indexes, which can be used to assess the quality of care, as well as the mortality patterns in COVID-19 pandemic.Objectives: Therefore, this study has been done with the goal of estimating overall prevalence in-hospital death due to COVID-19 disease in iranian patients.Evidence Acquisition: Articles were identified through iranian searching databases including Health.barakatkns, IranDoc, SID, Civilica and MagIran and international searching databases including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed and Elsevier . Additional search was also done by Google Scholar search engine. We reviewed systematically all studies reporting the prevalence of in-hospital death due to COVID-19 disease. In this study meta-analysis method with random effect model has been used to estimate the pooled in-hospital death.Results: 118 records were identified by the electronic search, of which 43 studies were identified as relevant documents that were meta-analyzed for the pooled in-hospital death due to COVID-19 prevalence. Overall, prevalence of death were 12.16% (95% CI: 10.72%-13.61%). The highest and lowest death prevalence has been reported in Northern Provinces (Gilan, 27.27% (95% CI: 8.66%-45.88%) and Mazandaran, 21.27% (95% CI: 18.14%-24.40%)) and Turkish-speaking provinces (Azerbaijan, East, 3.29% (95% CI: 2.11%-4.47%) and Zanjan, 3.42% (95% CI: 1.82%-5.02%)) respectively.Conclusions: Considering the death rate obtained in this study and its comparison with other countries, it can be said that the performance of the Iranian medical system in COVID-19 pandemic is acceptable.
Aria Kasiri; Maryam Eskandari Mehrabadi; Zahra Salemi; Danial Habibi; milad majidian dehkordi; omid jarahian; rasool karimi matloob
Volume 26, Issue 1 , 2024
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a severe disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has a weak prognosis, and biological markers may predict disease severity.
Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the impact of vitamin D levels on COVID-19 outcomes in ...
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Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a severe disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has a weak prognosis, and biological markers may predict disease severity.
Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the impact of vitamin D levels on COVID-19 outcomes in diabetic people.
Methods: The study was conducted on 160 individuals with both COVID-19 and diabetes at Amir-Al-Momenin Hospital in Arak. Participants completed a questionnaire regarding their personal information, medical history, and medication use. Arterial and venous blood samples were collected after 12 hours of fasting to perform arterial blood gas (ABG) and brachial venous fasting blood glucose tests, respectively. The samples were sent to the laboratory for analysis. Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured using the ELISA method. The study groups were classified based on the obtained PO2 levels from the ABG test, indicating varying degrees of respiratory impairment.
Results: Patients were categorized as mild, moderate, or severe based on ABG test results. No significant difference was found in vitamin D levels among groups. Elevated levels of vitamin D in women and men with mild and moderate COVID-19 symptoms have been linked to a decrease in mortality rate. Nonetheless, significant correlations were observed between vitamin D and fasting blood sugar (FBS) levels in the mild and moderate groups, indicating varying relationships between vitamin D and FBS across these groups.
Conclusion: While immunizations and antiviral drugs work well against COVID-19, taking extra measures, such as vitamin D supplementation, plays a vital role in disease management.
Mohammad Hadi Karbalaie Niya; Maryam Roham; Ramin Ebrahimi; Farshad Divsalar; Sara Khodazadeh-asl; Kiana Sohrabi; Nilofar Sadat Kalaki
Volume 26, Issue 1 , 2024
Abstract
Background: As COVID-19 severity and related death is a challenging issue, the protective effect and predictive value of lymphocyte count are critical. The present study investigated the importance of lymphopenia on disease severity and death rate.Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was ...
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Background: As COVID-19 severity and related death is a challenging issue, the protective effect and predictive value of lymphocyte count are critical. The present study investigated the importance of lymphopenia on disease severity and death rate.Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed from April 2020 to June 2020 on a total of 300 patients with confirmed COVID-19 who attended the Firoozgar Hospital affiliated with the Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. All of the COVID-19 patients referred to the hospital during the study period and met the inclusion criteria were enrolled and divided into two groups of lymphopenia (lymphocyte count less than 1.0x109/L) (n=138) and non-lymphopenia (n=162). All patient data from the medical records were acquired and utilized for statistical analysis.Results: Of 300 patients 63.3% were male and 72% had underlying disease. The most common symptoms were dyspnea (50%), cough (41%), and lethargy (40%). Lymphopenia was associated with male gender (P=0.01). Additionally, mean age (P=0.02), ventilator need (P=0.03), and death (P=0.05) were significantly associated with lymphopenia compared to the non-lymphopenia group. The Lymphopenia group had lower levels of O2 saturation (P=0.04), AST (P=0.001), and ALT levels (P=0.02). Based on the chest CT scan results, there was a significant relationship between lymphopenia and the extent of pulmonary involvement (P=0.004)Conclusion: Lymphopenia could clinically predict the severity of COVID-19. Lymphopenia was associated with male gender, older age, ventilator need, and death. Lymphopenia status had a significant relationship with reduced levels of O2 saturation, AST, ALT, and the extent of pulmonary involvement.
Aysel Kokcu Dogan
Volume 25, Issue 12 , 2023
Abstract
Background: Non-adherence to hygiene rules by the parents who accompany their hospitalized children increases the likelihood of their children contracting COVID-19 and may consequently cause fear in parents.
Objective: The present study aimed to determine the effect of COVID-19-induced fear on the hygiene ...
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Background: Non-adherence to hygiene rules by the parents who accompany their hospitalized children increases the likelihood of their children contracting COVID-19 and may consequently cause fear in parents.
Objective: The present study aimed to determine the effect of COVID-19-induced fear on the hygiene behavior of parents with hospitalized children.
Method: This study was conducted based on a descriptive design between November 2021 and March 2022. The participants consisted of 233 parents accompanying their children to the pediatric department of a hospital. Data were collected by the face-to-face interview technique using the "Demographic Information Form", "COVID-19 Hygiene Scale", and "Fear of COVID-19 Scale". The data were analyzed in SPSS software. During the frequency analysis of continuous and categorical data, comparisons between variables and scales were tested for their conformity to normality distributions.
Results: Based on the results, 96.6% of parents were female and 36.1% were university graduates. Parents' mean scores of COVID-19-induced fear and hygiene behavior were obtained at 18.4 and 100.2, respectively. COVID-19-induced fear affected hygiene behavior (P<0.05).
Conclusion: As evidenced by the results of this study, COVID-19-induced fear of parents with hospitalized children increased their hygiene behavior. Therefore, raising public health awareness for COVID-19 and providing outbreak preparedness training by hospital health professionals for parents with hospitalized children will be paramount for preventing infectious diseases.
bahiye amiri
Volume 25, Issue 11 , 2023
Abstract
Background: In times of pandemic and quarantine, it is necessary to use new educational methods. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of multimedia and booklet educational methods on knowledge, attitude, and job performance of healthcare providers in community health centers regarding ...
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Background: In times of pandemic and quarantine, it is necessary to use new educational methods. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of multimedia and booklet educational methods on knowledge, attitude, and job performance of healthcare providers in community health centers regarding COVID-19 in women during pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of multimedia and booklet educational methods on knowledge, attitude, and job performance of healthcare providers in community health centers regarding COVID-19 in women during pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding.
Methods: The population of this quasi -experimental study consisted of 90 Iranian health care providers in the community health centers of Gonabad city in eastern Iran) 2021, who were selected using the non-probability, purposive sampling method and randomly divided into three groups using a permuted block randomization design: Control group, Multimedia group and Textbook group. Knowledge, attitude and work performance were measured and compared before, after and four weeks after the intervention. The educational content was based on the Iranian Ministry of Health guidelines for the management of Covid-19 in pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding.
Results: The results showed a significant difference between the mean score of knowledge, attitude, and work performance of the multimedia group and booklet group before and after the intervention (P<0.001), while there was no statistically significant difference between the mean score of knowledge, attitude, and work performance of the control group before and after the intervention (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Multimedia teaching increases the knowledge, attitude and work performance of healthcare providers in community health centers regarding COVID.
Saeedeh Askari; Hadis Bahmaei; Maryam Beheshti Nasab; Mahmood Maniati; Saeed Ghanbarei; Nosrat Zaherian; Mina Iravani
Volume 25, Issue 10 , 2023
Abstract
Background: Pregnant women need correct information and skills for effective self-care and improved self-efficacy during pregnancy. Maternal training will raise women's awareness of pregnancy and childbirth, leading to higher self-efficacy.Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the impact of telehealth ...
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Background: Pregnant women need correct information and skills for effective self-care and improved self-efficacy during pregnancy. Maternal training will raise women's awareness of pregnancy and childbirth, leading to higher self-efficacy.Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the impact of telehealth on pregnant women's self-care, self-efficacy, and satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: This quasi-experimental study involved low-risk pregnant women selected from prenatal public clinics in Ahvaz, Iran. Eligible pregnant women (n=150) were assigned to three groups: WhatsApp training (n=50), phone call training (n=50), and control (n=50). Women in the three groups received four face-to-face prenatal care sessions based on the content recommended by the Iranian Ministry of Health. In addition to these four face-to-face sessions, four more virtual training sessions were held for the WhatsApp and phone call groups.Results: Raising the awareness of pregnant women through telephone counseling was found to not only increase their self-efficacy, self-care, and satisfaction but also reduce the need for in-person visits during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, a moderate positive correlation was observed between self-efficacy and self-care scores; moreover, they have a relatively negative weak correlation with face-to-face visits.Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that most pregnant women were satisfied with telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic, and thanks to this type of care provision, their self-efficacy and self-care levels were high. Reduced face-to-face visits during the pandemic are the main advantage of telehealth.
Ali Salehinasab; Adel Rezvani Sichani; Maryam Mousavi; Zeynab Bayat; Ali Pezhhan; Beneen M. Hussien; Muhja Ahmed; Mehdi Hassanshahian
Volume 25, Issue 9 , 2023
Abstract
Background: The Corona pandemic caused by the COVID-19 disease has become a trending topic in recent years. Moreover, microbial biofilms have received a lot of attention due to the problems they cause in industry and medicine.Objectives: The present study aimed to examine the published documents concerning ...
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Background: The Corona pandemic caused by the COVID-19 disease has become a trending topic in recent years. Moreover, microbial biofilms have received a lot of attention due to the problems they cause in industry and medicine.Objectives: The present study aimed to examine the published documents concerning the Corona pandemic and microbial biofilms.Methods: Document review was performed in Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and PubMed databases; then, due to the publication of more documents in the Scopus database, information from this database was used for bibliographic analysis by VOSviewer and Rstudio.Results: The obtained results showed that the process of publishing documents increased during 2005-2022, and the type of documents mostly were articles (49%) and reviews (38%). Most published cases were in the field of medicine, immunology, and microbiology.Conclusion: Studies can be examined from three medical, environmental, and engineering perspectives. The structure and composition of biofilm, the interaction of microorganisms in biofilm, the investigation of the dental biofilm infection in the infected people and waste systems, as well as the use of engineered biofilms for virus isolation are among the recommended topics for further research.
Zeinab Haghparast; Ziba Taghizadeh; Ehsan Kazemnezhad Leyli; Azam Bagheri; Farnaz Farnam; Marzieh Azizi
Volume 25, Issue 8 , 2023
Abstract
Background: Up to now, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected and killed millions of people across the globe. In these conditions, Iran was experiencing the fifth wave of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, accrued by the Delta variant, over the course ...
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Background: Up to now, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected and killed millions of people across the globe. In these conditions, Iran was experiencing the fifth wave of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, accrued by the Delta variant, over the course of the present study.
Objectives: The present study aimed to reflect on preventive behaviors, psychological distress, and their associated factors in Iranians during the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant outbreak.
Methods: Utilizing a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional research design, this study was performed on 1,015 Iranian individuals referred to the comprehensive healthcare centers in Kashan, central Iran, selected via simple random sampling. Data collection tools included the sociodemographic information questionnaire, the Preventive Behaviors against COVID-19 Questionnaire (PBCQ), and the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12).
Results: The study results revealed that the mean±standard deviation (SD) of PBCQ was 17.20±4.18 (12-36). In addition, involvement in preventive behaviors against COVID-19 was at higher levels in male (P=0.007), younger (P?0.001), and self-employed (P=0.016) participants with a fair family economic status (P=0.007), as compared to other cases. Those receiving no vaccines (P=0.023), together with the subjects recently contracting COVID-19, also adhered to only some preventive behaviors (P?0.001). The GHQ-12 mean±SD was equal to 2.15±2.41 (0-12). Moreover, the study results indicated that female (P=0.021) younger (P=0.017), married (P=0.024), self-employed (P=0.003) subjects with a fair or poor family economic status (P=0.001) and recent infection with COVID-19 (P=0.010) were more susceptible to psychological distress, as compared to others.
Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that engagement in preventive behaviors against COVID-19 significantly dwindled, and the incidence rate of psychological distress augmented in the course of the fifth wave of the pandemic in Iranians. These findings could provide healthcare planners and policymakers with valuable information.
Ningjing Lei; Xia Liu; Huiqiong Xu; Zengping Chen; Tingting Dong
Volume 25, Issue 7 , 2023
Abstract
Background: An increasing number of studies have been conducted on the prevalence of COVID-19 to develop strategies to combat the disease. However, less attention has been paid to the mental health of medical professionals.
Objectives: To investigate whether a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) ...
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Background: An increasing number of studies have been conducted on the prevalence of COVID-19 to develop strategies to combat the disease. However, less attention has been paid to the mental health of medical professionals.
Objectives: To investigate whether a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) course in Tibet could improve the mental health of medical personnel during the COVID-19 epidemic.
Methods: One hundred and eighteen medical staff were randomly selected from July 2022 to September 2022. After baseline enrolment, the control group (n=59) received baseline healthcare services, while the intervention group (n=59) received a 2-month positive intervention MBSR course in addition to baseline healthcare services. After the intervention, the intervention group underwent a final assessment, and the control group was subjected to MBSR for 2 months. The Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Self-Consciousness Scale (SCS), and the Chinese version of the Cohen Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS) were used to measure the emotional well-being of medical personnel.
Results: The intervention group had significantly lower CPSS and SDS scores at the end of the MBSR course (P<0.01), and SCS scores were significantly increased during M2 (P=0.009), compared to M0. In the control group, the scores of SDS (P=0.223), SCS (P=0.112), and CPSS (P=0.131) in M2 were not significantly different from those in M0. The intervention and control groups showed statistically significant differences in CPSS scores (P=0.013), SDS scores (P=0.001), and SCS scores (P=0.029) at the end of the MBSR session.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that MBSR sessions can effectively alleviate negative emotions triggered by work stress and depression and improve self-compassion during an epidemic. It is recommended to participate in a scientific MBSR course to improve emotional well-being to some extent.
Zeliha Turkyilmaz; Yusuf Emre Aytin
Volume 25, Issue 6 , 2023
Abstract
Background: The first case of COVID-19 infection in Turkey was reported on March 11th, 2020, and declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020, introducing new regulations to national health systems. Some patients with non-COVID-19 presentations may have been adversely affected ...
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Background: The first case of COVID-19 infection in Turkey was reported on March 11th, 2020, and declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020, introducing new regulations to national health systems. Some patients with non-COVID-19 presentations may have been adversely affected by this pandemic.
Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of COVID-19 on patients with Fournier's gangrene during the pandemic and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the clinical management and patient outcomes for Fournier's gangrene.
Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted between March 2018 and March 2022 at the General Surgery Department of Trakya University. Patients were stratified into pre-pandemic and pandemic groups based on the date of March 11th, 2020, when the first Covid-19 case was reported in Turkey. Data collection and retrospective analysis were completed for all patients who were operated on for Fournier's gangrene originating from the perianal region. Demographic characteristics, predisposing factors, as well as laboratory and clinical results of the patients treated during the pandemic, were compared with the patients treated before the pandemic.
Results: A total of 43 patients were included in the study (pre-pandemic: 24, pandemic: 19). There was a statistically significant difference between the pre-pandemic and pandemic groups in terms of the median length of hospital stay (7 vs. 16 days, p<0.001) and the median number of debridement (4 vs. 2, p=0.002).
Conclusion: In the presence of life-threatening surgical pathologies, such as Fournier's gangrene, the number of admissions did not decrease despite the pandemic. Precautions taken to reduce the risk of transmission in pandemic conditions and more aggressive surgical applications can reduce the number of debridement procedures and shorten the length of hospital stay. Subsequently, this is associated with similar treatment outcomes, lower morbidity, and reduced treatment costs.
Roohollah Askari; Nahid Hosseini Dargani; Najmeh Baghian; Hojjat Ghaffari; Zahra Rezaeian; Ommol-Banin Sarkari; Majid Hajimaghsoudi; Adel Eftekhari
Volume 25, Issue 6 , 2023
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic created an unprecedented challenge for intensive care units (ICUs) compared to other clinical wards. In addition, it caused stressful conditions due to the increased mortality rates in these wards.
Objectives: Since the identification of these challenges can serve as ...
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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic created an unprecedented challenge for intensive care units (ICUs) compared to other clinical wards. In addition, it caused stressful conditions due to the increased mortality rates in these wards.
Objectives: Since the identification of these challenges can serve as a road map for managers in future planning against crises, the present study aimed to identify the challenges of ICU caregiving during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: This qualitative study used conventional content analysis and was conducted using unstructured deep interviews with an open question and several co-constructive questions in 2023. A total of 23 ward heads, head nurses, nurses of ICU wards, nursing managers, and supervisors of six teaching hospitals affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Yazd Universities of Medical Sciences were included in the study through a purposive sampling method. Data analysis was performed with MAXQDA10 using qualitative content analysis with a conventional approach.
Results: The challenges of ICUs in the COVID-19 pandemic were identified and categorized into six main categories and 14 sub-categories. The main categories included: inefficient management of resources, weaknesses in organization, challenges to laws and regulations/policies, structural challenges, weaknesses in educational processes, and mental challenges.
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that it is possible to provide quality services to patients by identifying the challenges affecting the management and provision of nursing services and taking appropriate measures to improve the quality of nursing services in the intended wards.
Fahime Hashemi; Shayan Vafaei; Mehdi Sadeghi; Atena Samarehfekri; Mitra Samarehfekri; Hossein Mirzaei; Niloofar Rashidipour; Mozhgan Taebi
Volume 25, Issue 5 , 2023
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a viral disease that mostly affects the respiratory system and leads to respiratory failure. Alongside, pulmonary rehabilitation is one of the most important components in the management of respiratory system diseases and can rehabilitate persons after lung-damaged ...
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Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a viral disease that mostly affects the respiratory system and leads to respiratory failure. Alongside, pulmonary rehabilitation is one of the most important components in the management of respiratory system diseases and can rehabilitate persons after lung-damaged disease.
Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the efficiency of Home-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation in pulmonary function in patients with COVID-19
Methods: This simple randomized interventional study was conducted on 70 COVID-19 patients in Kerman, Iran. They were assigned to two equal groups of control and intervention. In the control group, patients received only routine post-discharge care, and in the intervention group, patients received home-based pulmonary rehabilitation procedures containing some movements to improve pulmonary function for four weeks after discharge.
Results: Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (P<0.001), vital capacity (P<0.001) and these two parameters ratio (P<0.02), peak expiratory flow (P<0.001), in four weeks after discharge from the hospital in the intervention group was significantly higher than in the control group. Moreover, 6-min walk distance (P<0.001) was significantly increased, and the severity of dyspnea (P<0.001) was significantly reduced in the intervention group. As well, the number of patients with severe dyspnea decreased significantly (P<0.001).
Conclusion: It seems that our home-based program can result in a marked improvement in vital capacity and other pulmonary function tests, as well as a reduction in dyspnea after discharge. In conclusion, this rehabilitation procedure is effective in pulmonary recovery in COVID-19 patients and can be used as a treatment procedure for recovery in these patients.
Tevfik Ozlu; Murat Topbas; Kubra Sahin; Demet Saglam Aykut; Naz?m Ercument Beyhun
Volume 25, Issue 5 , 2023
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected several areas of society, such as social life, the economy, education, and the provision of health services. The need to evaluate individuals' risk perception has assumed particular importance in this situation in which people find themselves.
Objectives: ...
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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected several areas of society, such as social life, the economy, education, and the provision of health services. The need to evaluate individuals' risk perception has assumed particular importance in this situation in which people find themselves.
Objectives: This study aimed to develop a "COVID-19 Disease Risk Perception Scale" for determining COVID-19 risk perceptions in the adult patient group during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: The proposed scale form was established once the content validity of the item pool created by the research team had been evaluated by experts. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis for construct validity, item-total correlation, Cronbach alpha coefficients, and the test-retest method were employed to determine criterion-dependent validity and reliability in a group of 564 individuals aged 18-73.
Results: Following exploratory factor analysis, a nine-factor structure explaining 61.733% of variance was established. Confirmatory factor analysis results were found within the values defined in the literature. The Cronbach alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.906, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.881 (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The developed scale is a valid and reliable inventory capable of using in the examination and evaluation of risk perception of COVID-19 disease in the adult age group.
Ayse Dost; Tugba K?nay
Volume 25, Issue 5 , 2023
Abstract
Background: Nurses who are more self-compassionate may be better able to manage the stress and emotional challenges of working in an emergency hospital during a pandemic. They may be less likely to experience burnout or compassion fatigue and may be more resilient in the face of adversity. They will ...
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Background: Nurses who are more self-compassionate may be better able to manage the stress and emotional challenges of working in an emergency hospital during a pandemic. They may be less likely to experience burnout or compassion fatigue and may be more resilient in the face of adversity. They will probably be more patient and understanding with their patients and colleagues, and more able to maintain a positive attitude and provide compassionate care.
Objectives: This study aims to determine the relationship between the self-compassion levels and patience levels of the nurses working in an emergency hospital and taking care of patients diagnosed with COVID-19.
Methods: This cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted between May and August 2021 on 171 nurses working in an emergency hospital in Istanbul and taking care of patients diagnosed with COVID-19. The data were collected using the researcher-made Nurse Information Form, the Self-Compassion Scale, and Patience Scale.
Results: The mean rank was found to be 78.03±12.03 for the Self-Compassion Scale and 37.97±6.34 for the Patience Scale. A weak positive significant correlation was identified between the nurses' mean rank of the Self-Compassion Scale and the mean rank of the Patience Scale (rho=0.393, P=0.000), interpersonal patience (rho=0.395), and short-term patience (rho=0.191) subscales, whereas a moderately positive significant correlation was detected between the mean rank of the Self-Compassion Scale and the mean rank of the long-term patience (rho=0.442) subscale.
Conclusion: It can be said that nurses' self-compassion and patience were at moderate levels, and as their self-compassion levels decreased, their patience levels reduced as well. Institutions should develop in-hospital social activities and policies that are supportive of nurses. Supporting nurses' self-compassion levels with evidence-based programs will also increase their patience levels.
Ezgi A?aday?; Mehmet Emin Lay?k; Mehmet Akif Nas; Seher Karahan
Volume 25, Issue 4 , 2023
Abstract
Background: The rapid development and production of COVID-19 vaccines have raised concerns about their safety and efficacy, which have contributed to vaccine hesitancy among some people.
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the opinions and attitudes of medical students about COVID-19 vaccines and ...
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Background: The rapid development and production of COVID-19 vaccines have raised concerns about their safety and efficacy, which have contributed to vaccine hesitancy among some people.
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the opinions and attitudes of medical students about COVID-19 vaccines and vaccine hesitancy.
Methods: Nine hundred seventy-seven volunteer students from three medical faculties participated in this study, and data were collected via an online survey. A questionnaire consisting of 40 items and four parts, including sociodemographic information, COVID-19 vaccines, vaccine rejection, and vaccine hesitancy was used for data collection. In the questionnaire, the students were asked about their desire to be vaccinated, whether they want to be vaccinated for their families, vaccination indecision or rejection, and the reasons for not wanting to be vaccinated.
Results: Among the students, the rate of vaccine rejection was 15.4% (n=150), and the rate of vaccine hesitancy was 18.9% (n=185). While 65.7% (n=642) wanted to be vaccinated against COVID-19, the rate of those who wanted their families to be vaccinated was 54.1% (n=529). Age and being in the preclinical period positively affected the vaccination decision, while a history of COVID-19 and being affected by vaccine technology negatively influenced the decision to be vaccinated. The vaccine acceptance rate was significantly higher in men than in women (P=0.002), in preclinical students than in clinical year students (P=0.049), and in those without a history of COVID-19 than in those who had COVID-19 (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The attitudes of medical students toward COVID-19 vaccines were positive. However, considering that some students were hesitant to be vaccinated or against vaccination, we think it would be beneficial to integrate positive attitude development programs into the medical education curriculum.
Sima Bahrami; Mohammad Hassan Bemanian; Saba Arshi; Mohammad Nabavi; Sima Shokri; Morteza Fallahpour; Afshin Rezaeifar; Omid Motamedi; Bita dinarvand
Volume 25, Issue 4 , 2023
Abstract
Background: Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome involves the persistence of the patients symptoms due to the residual inflammation of the acute phase.
Objectives: In the current study, we aimed to evaluate medication intervention to accelerate the improvement of prolonged respiratory symptoms in this phase.
Methods: ...
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Background: Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome involves the persistence of the patients symptoms due to the residual inflammation of the acute phase.
Objectives: In the current study, we aimed to evaluate medication intervention to accelerate the improvement of prolonged respiratory symptoms in this phase.
Methods: Thirty-four patients, aged 20-50 years, in the recovery phase of COVID-19, were enrolled, who still suffered from respiratory problems even two weeks after being discharged from Rasool Akram Hospital, Tehran, Iran. They were divided into three groups based on the type of treatment for eliminating the remaining symptoms: hydroxychloroquine (HCQ, 200 mg twice daily for four weeks), clarithromycin (500 mg twice daily for four weeks), and control (receiving a placebo similar to the last two groups). At the beginning and end of the treatment, patients dyspnea and cough were assessed using Medical Research Council and visual analog scale (VAS), respectively, their laboratory tests were checked, and they took a 6-min walk test.
Results: At the end of the treatment, the VAS of cough was 0.74 in the HCQ group, which was higher than that in the clarithromycin group. In addition, dyspnea decreased in the HCQ and clarithromycin groups by 64% and 40%, respectively, compared to the control group. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between residual dyspnea at the end of the treatment and the severity of initial lung involvement in the acute phase.
Conclusion: Based on these findings, it can be concluded that HCQ was more effective in reducing dyspnea, compared to clarithromycin, in the recovery phase, especially in patients with milder lung involvement in the acute phase. Additionally, clarithromycin was found to be more effective in improving coughs.
Esmaeil Sadri Damirchi; Shahriar Dargahi; Akbar Abravesh; Arezoo Mojarrad; Nader Ayadi
Volume 25, Issue 4 , 2023
Abstract
Background: Considering the scope of the epidemic of the COVID-19 pandemic and the psychological consequences known to be associated with infection, it seems necessary to provide a screening tool for determining the presence of psychological symptoms among the population in the healthcare sector for ...
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Background: Considering the scope of the epidemic of the COVID-19 pandemic and the psychological consequences known to be associated with infection, it seems necessary to provide a screening tool for determining the presence of psychological symptoms among the population in the healthcare sector for prevention and timely provision of psychological interventions.
Objectives: This study aimed to design and standardize a comprehensive screening test and assess clinical aspects of psychological symptoms associated with COVID-19.
Methods: This is a descriptive survey-based study. The study was permitted in two phases. The statistical population included all physicians, nurses, and staff who worked in COVID-19 care wards of hospitals in Ardabil (Iran) in 2021 and were in direct contact with these patients. A total of 200 participants in Phase I and 98 in Phase II were selected via the purposive sampling method. An initial researcher-made questionnaire was used to assess the psychological symptoms of the participants in eight and seven categories in Phase I and Phase II, respectively. The data were analyzed using SPSS26 and R software.
Results: Delphi method and second-order confirmatory factor analysis verified the validity of the questionnaire. Findings related to measuring the reliability of the questionnaire in phase I showed that although the questionnaire was reliable based on inter-rater and intra-rater, the test-retest reliability method based on Cohen's kappa coefficients showed no reliability for items 12 and 49-54. In phase II, the unreliable items were removed and the study was permitted to be conducted again with new samples. The results of intra-rater reliability also demonstrated that an intraclass correlation coefficient for each of the seven scales of the questionnaire was greater than 0.75. In addition, the results of inter-rater reliability showed that Cronbach's alpha coefficient for each scale of the questionnaire was greater than 0.70. Furthermore, high amounts of sensitivity and specificity as well as high area under the receiver operating characteristic curve verified the good accuracy of the final questionnaire.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be said that the final proposed questionnaire with seven scales (55 items) was a tool with good validity, reliability, and accuracy to assess the psychological symptoms associated with COVID-19. However, since the participants of this study consisted of only medical personnel, the generalization of the results to the general population needs further investigation.
Ommol-Banin Sarkari; Najmeh Baghian; Akram Yazdani; Fahimeh Kargar Shouroki; Hojjat Ghaffari; Nahid Hosseini Dargani; Roohollah Askari
Volume 25, Issue 4 , 2023
Abstract
Background: Vaccination and observing hygienic measures were rendered necessary due to the spread of the Covid-19. Yet, in spite of the effective and immunizing role of vaccines in the past, hesitancy about undergoing vaccination against Covid-19 has become a global issue.
Objectives: The present study ...
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Background: Vaccination and observing hygienic measures were rendered necessary due to the spread of the Covid-19. Yet, in spite of the effective and immunizing role of vaccines in the past, hesitancy about undergoing vaccination against Covid-19 has become a global issue.
Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the barriers and facilitators of Covid-19 vaccine injections from the perspective of people in Yazd in 2022.
Methods: The present study was a population-based cross-sectional study conducted on 572 people over 12 years of age in Yazd, Iran, using cluster sampling (46 head clusters of health centers). To collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire was applied, which measured barriers and facilitators of Covid-19 vaccine injection. The mean score of the questionnaire was above 70, indicating more attitude, trust, and willingness.
Results: Based on the findings, 406 (70.7%) participants were female, 457 (79.6%) were married, and 232 (40.4%) were housewives. The mean age of the subjects was 39.1±14.7 years. In total, 277 (48.4%) participants had a positive attitude toward Covid-19 vaccination, 224 (39.2%) had trust in the vaccine, and 21(3.8%) showed willingness to injection, indicating an overall low attitude, trust, and willingness toward the injection of Covid-19 vaccine. There was a significant relationship between willingness to inject the vaccine and education (P=0.048). A strong correlation was also found between attitude and trust in vaccination, with a coefficient of 0.811 (P<0.001).
Conclusion: A positive attitude and trust in Covid-19 vaccination were observed at an average level, and willingness to be vaccinated was at a low level. Considering the role of the three variables of education, gender, and the type of a persons occupation, planning should be done to improve peoples attitude, trust, and willingness to inject the vaccine by focusing on the above variables.
Chen Hongwei
Volume 25, Issue 3 , 2023
Abstract
Background: One of the most important harmful effects related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the psychological effects that can affect all population groups.
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of home quarantine caused by COVID-19 on parents' stress, as well as children's ...
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Background: One of the most important harmful effects related to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the psychological effects that can affect all population groups.
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of home quarantine caused by COVID-19 on parents' stress, as well as children's anxiety and depression.
Methods: This study included 230 parents who had children aged 5-12 years. The data were collected using the Children Symptom Inventory (CSI-4) and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), which were sent to people through the social messenger WhatsApp. (22). Different variables including the impact of the event, avoidance, intrusion, hyperarousal, anxiety, and depression were measured and analyzed using these two questionnaires.
Results: The results of the correlation analysis showed that the impact of the quarantined event caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the IES-R subscales in parents were directly and significantly related to the anxiety and depression scores in their children. In addition, multivariate regression analysis showed that higher IES-R scores by parents can significantly predict higher anxiety and depression scores in children.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the home quarantine caused by the COVID-19 pandemic causes stress in parents and this also increases anxiety and depression in their children. Therefore, it is suggested that in addition to the management, control, and treatment of these types of pandemic diseases, special attention be paid to their psychological effects, especially during home quarantine.
Amirhossein Tayebi; Mehdi Rezaei; Mahmood Bakhtiyari; Mana Mohamadi Afrakoti
Volume 25, Issue 2 , 2023
Abstract
Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2) is the virus causing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Apart from respiratory disease, this virus can affect different organs.
Objectives: Therefore, multiple mechanisms have been hypothesized for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in ...
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Background: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2) is the virus causing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Apart from respiratory disease, this virus can affect different organs.
Objectives: Therefore, multiple mechanisms have been hypothesized for Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in COVID-19. In this study, we evaluate the incidence and prognosis of AKI in COVID-19 patients.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study assessed 397 COVID-19 patients hospitalized between April 1, 2020, and September 30, 2021. Patients with a sudden rise of serum creatinine level, more than 0.3 mg/dl in two days or more than 50% of the initial level in one week, were diagnosed with AKI. Demographic, laboratory, and clinical features were compared in AKI patients with patients without AKI.
Results: A total of 397 patients with a mean age ± standard deviation of 55.42 ± 15.26 years were included in the study. According to diagnostic criteria, 48 (12.1%) patients developed AKI. Old age, a history of hypertension, and chronic renal failure were suggested as risk factors for AKI. High levels of C-Reactive Protein, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, Lactate Dehydrogenase, D-dimer, and serum phosphorus upon arrival were also associated with an increased risk of AKI. In addition, the incidence of hypernatremia and hyperkalemia increased mortality in patients with AKI.
Conclusion: The incidence of AKI in admitted COVID-19 patients affects the duration of hospitalization, the chance of ICU admission, and mortality. It is important to limit the use of nephrotoxic drugs and to maintain water-electrolyte balance to prevent the incidence of AKI and improve the outcome.
?Ali Qasemi; Milad Lagzian; Zeynab Bayat
Volume 25, Issue 2 , 2023
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has placed an unprecedented burden on the healthcare system. In particular, the intersection of COVID-19 and cancer has created a double burden on the healthcare system, presenting challenges in both the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. During the pandemic, overcrowding of hospitals ...
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The COVID-19 pandemic has placed an unprecedented burden on the healthcare system. In particular, the intersection of COVID-19 and cancer has created a double burden on the healthcare system, presenting challenges in both the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. During the pandemic, overcrowding of hospitals and clinics, shortages of PPE and other medical supplies, and the impact of COVID-19 on healthcare workers have all made it more difficult to care for cancer patients. The challenges in cancer diagnosis and screening during the pandemic have included delays in cancer diagnoses, decreased access to cancer screenings, and a decrease in the number of cancer surgeries being performed. Changes in cancer treatment patterns and access to care during COVID-19 have also impacted the treatment outcomes for cancer patients, with a decrease in the number of cancer patients being treated and an increased risk of poor outcomes for those who are being treated. The impact of COVID-19 on healthcare workers and their ability to care for cancer patients has also been significant, with healthcare workers facing increased exposure to the virus, increased workloads, and increased stress and burnout. The double burden of COVID-19 and cancer on the healthcare system has implications for policy and practice, including the need for improved coordination between cancer and COVID-19 response efforts and the need for increased investment in healthcare infrastructure and resources. In conclusion, the COVID-19 pandemic has created a double burden on the healthcare system, with significant challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The impact of COVID-19 on healthcare workers and the healthcare system more broadly highlights the need for improved coordination and increased investment in healthcare resources and infrastructure.
Hadi Hayati
Volume 25, Issue 1 , 2023
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused many economic problems worldwide, in Iran as well, causing Hospitals to face many financial problems.
Objectives: Based on documented data on pharmacotherapy, costs, and its effectiveness, this study aimed to analyze the costs and outcomes of hospitalized ...
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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused many economic problems worldwide, in Iran as well, causing Hospitals to face many financial problems.
Objectives: Based on documented data on pharmacotherapy, costs, and its effectiveness, this study aimed to analyze the costs and outcomes of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 under pharmacotherapy in Iran.
Methods: This research was a retrospective analytical descriptive study. Relevant data of the COVID-19 hospitalized patients were extracted from the Hospitals Medical Records Department. All items of direct medical costs, such as visits, nursing services, consuming materials, laboratories, imaging, medical operations, medications, and beds, were extracted by reviewing COVID-19 hospitalized patients files in different wards of the Shohada Ashayer Hospital in Khorramabad city in 2021.
Results: A total of 399 patients were examined in this study. The total direct medical costs per patient was 338.63 US$. Of note, the highest cost was related to medicine (32.56%), more than the cost of bed (22.77%). The most commonly used drugs were Lopinavir (95%) and Azithromycin (90%), and the highest medicine cost per patient was related to Immunoglobulin (64.32 US$) and Remdesivir (46.91 US$).
Conclusion: Medicine and hospitalization costs accounted for the largest share of the total treatment costs of patients. Therefore, reducing bed costs requires home treatments and outpatient injections. Furthermore, due to rising drug costs, prescriptions should be based on standard treatment protocols.
Jamshid Yazdani-Charati; Freshteh Khatti-Dizabadi; Goljahan Javadi; Erfan Oladi; Zohre Haghparast; Fatemeh Haghparast; Milad Ahmadi Marzaleh
Volume 25, Issue 1 , 2023
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 is the third pandemic of the 21st century, is highly contagious, and can cause anxiety due to the development of serious physical problems and reduction of quality of life. Anxiety is a psychological state experienced by nearly all humans in life. However, it is considered a mental ...
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Background: COVID-19 is the third pandemic of the 21st century, is highly contagious, and can cause anxiety due to the development of serious physical problems and reduction of quality of life. Anxiety is a psychological state experienced by nearly all humans in life. However, it is considered a mental disorder if it exceeds its moderate level. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the anxiety level, mental health, and their related factor in the population above 18 years old in Qaemshahr County.Methods: This descriptive, correlational study was conducted on 400 individuals in Qaemshahr County. Given the population of this county, convenience sampling was employed to select 40% of the participants from the rural population and 60% from the urban population. The data were collected using a demographic questionnaire (7 items), the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) including somatic (physical) anxiety and psychic (mental) anxiety sections, and the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Descriptive and inferential statistical tests (multiple linear regression analysis, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearsons test) were used in the SPSS 25 software for data analysis.Results: The mean score of mental health was 22.93±8.9, which accounted for 63.69% of the total score of the questionnaire. The total mean score of anxiety was also 9.46±6.89, which contributed to 31.53% to the total score of the questionnaire. According to the results, physical anxiety per se predicted 31% of the dependent variable (mental health).Conclusion: The results showed a significant negative correlation between mental health and anxiety resulting from COVID-19. In other words, the higher the anxiety level, the lower the level of mental health would be. Anxiety also acted as an underlying variable threatening health. Moreover, the mean score of mental anxiety was higher in married, divorced, and widowed participants than in single ones.
Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh; Mahdie Ghalenoee; Hamid Sharif Nia; Abbas Ebadi; Naser Parizad
Volume 24, Issue 12 , 2022
Abstract
Background: Self-care during Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) helps people follow self-care strategies to reduce the spread of the virus. To control the disease, people need to engage in self-care behaviors, which should be investigated by a valid and reliable instrument to yield valid and credible ...
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Background: Self-care during Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) helps people follow self-care strategies to reduce the spread of the virus. To control the disease, people need to engage in self-care behaviors, which should be investigated by a valid and reliable instrument to yield valid and credible results.
Objectives: This study aimed to validate the Persian version of the Self-Care in COVID-19 Scale (SCOVID Scale).
Methods: The sample included 582 participants from Tehrans general population, selected through convenience sampling in 2021. They were divided into two groups, one for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and the other for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Cronbachs alpha coefficient and McDonalds omega were used to assess the internal consistency. Standard error of measurement and the interclass correlation coefficient were also employed to examine absolute and relative stability, respectively.
Results: In the EFA, three factors, including Precaution, Routine Activities, and Lifestyle, were extracted, explaining 32.31% of the total variance in COVID-19 self-care. Internal consistency of the whole scale using both Cronbachs alpha coefficient and McDonalds omega was above 0.7. The goodness of fit indices of the second-order CFA were in the acceptable range (x2=262.365, df=82, P<0.001, RMSEA=0.062, PCFI=0.725, PNFI=0.703, IFI=0.930, and the CFI=0.929).
Conclusion: The Persian version of the SCOVID Scale is a valid and reliable instrument that can be used in studies on COVID-19.
Maryam Sarkardeh; Alireza Rezapanah; Aida Ayati Afin; Ali Shamshirian; Zahra Sadrzadeh; Javad Koushki; Amin Dalili
Volume 24, Issue 12 , 2022
Abstract
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) involves multiple organs, including the gastrointestinal tract. It also causes frequent thromboembolic events because of its thrombogenicity. This study reports a COVID-19 case of extensive bowel necrosis despite using warfarin.
Case Presentation: A 52-year-old ...
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Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) involves multiple organs, including the gastrointestinal tract. It also causes frequent thromboembolic events because of its thrombogenicity. This study reports a COVID-19 case of extensive bowel necrosis despite using warfarin.
Case Presentation: A 52-year-old homeless addict male was brought via Emergency Medical Services with a chief complaint of abdominal pain for two days and loss of consciousness since the day before. He had a history of cough and dyspnea for seven days and had been using warfarin after mitral valve replacement three years earlier. On admission, he had low oxygen saturation, tachycardia, and fever. Because of his respiratory signs and symptoms, a chest CT scan was performed, and evidence of COVID-19 infection was detected. He had nausea, and on abdominal examination, there was generalized tenderness, rebound tenderness, and guarding. Following physical examination and abnormal laboratory test results, he underwent an emergent laparotomy. Extensive necrosis made surgical intervention impossible, and he died shortly after the surgery.
Conclusion: COVID-19-associated coagulopathy raises many challenges nowadays, and according to the present case, even using anticoagulants may not prevent it.
