Document Type : Research articles

Authors

• Soroush Aalipour ¹
• Sedigheh Hantoushzadeh ²
• Mamak Shariat ³
• Sadaf Sahraian ¹
• Mahdi Sheikh ²

¹ Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran

² Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran Breastfeeding Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran

³ Breastfeeding Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran

Abstract

Background: Umbilical cord blood (UCB) gas analysis is recommended in high-risk pregnancies. However, in chronic medical conditions, cord blood acidosis might not indicate acute fetal stress, rather it might be due to fetal adaptation to the chronic stress. Objectives: Evaluating the association between UCB acidosis with maternal factors and adverse neonatal outcomes in term preg- nancies with gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods: This prospective cohort evaluated 673 pregnant women who had term pregnancies and were admitted for elective ce- sarean delivery. A total of 80 women had gestational diabetes. After delivery, a blood sample was obtained from the umbilical artery for arterial blood gas analysis. The neonates were then followed. Results: Term pregnancies with gestational diabetes had significantly higher UCB acidosis rates compared to the healthy controls (26.2% vs. 6%, P < 0.001). In mothers with gestational diabetes, UCB acidosis was independently associated with higher maternal body mass index (P = 0.04) and HbA1C levels (P = 0.01). In the term neonates born to gestational diabetes mothers, after adjustment for gestational age, birth weight and pre-delivery blood glucose, UCB acidosis remained significantly associated with macrosomia (47.6% vs. 23.7%, P = 0.04), neonatal hypoglycemia (76.1% vs. 25.4%, P = 0.002), and moderate-severe jaundice (71.4% vs. 27.1%, p0.01). Conclusions: In our study term, pregnancies with gestational diabetes had a higher rate of UCB acidosis, which was associated with poor maternal glycemic and weight control during the last gestational trimester. UCB acidosis in these pregnancies seems to be independently associated with adverse neonatal outcomes.

Keywords

• Acidemia
• Hypoglycemia
• Hyperbilirubinemia
• Macrosomia
• Weight