Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal (IRCMJ)

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

By Subject

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Editorial Board

Publication Ethics

Indexing and Abstracting

Related Links

FAQ

Peer Review Process

Journal Metrics

News

Author Guidelines

Article Processing Charge

Correlation Analysis between Apparent Diffusion Coefficient of Prostate Cancer and other Prostate Cancer Indicators

Document Type : Research articles

Authors

1 Medical Imaging Department, Wanbei Coal and Electricity Group General Hospital, Anhui, China

2 Department of Oncology, Wanbei Coal and Electricity Group General Hospital, Anhui, China

Abstract

Background: There are very few reports on the correlation between the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of magnetic resonance parameters and other laboratory indicators of prostate cancer in China, and there is no unified clinical conclusion at present from the other parts of the world. Therefore, this study analyzed the correlation between ADC and laboratory indicators, such as serum total prostate specific antigen (TPSA), complex prostate specific antigen (CPSA), free prostate specific antigen (FPSA), Gleason score, and left and right diameters of the prostate so as to provide a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.
Methods: A total of 104 patients of all age groups with prostate cancer diagnosed in the General Hospital of Wanbei Coal and Electricity Group, Wanbei, China, from January 2017 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed as the experimental group. At the same time, 63 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia who received health examinations were selected as the control group. TPSA, CPSA, FPSA, CPSA/TPSA, FPSA/TPSA, Gleason score, left and right diameters of the prostate, and magnetic resonance parameter ADC were detected in all patients. At the same time, we analyzed the correlation between ADC and other parameters in prostate cancer patients.
Results: The serum levels of TPSA, CPSA, and FPSA in prostate cancer patients were significantly higher (P<0.001) than in those in the control group. The differences between CPSA/TPSA and FPSA/TPSA in the two groups were not statistically significant. Meanwhile, ADC and left and right diameters of the prostate were significantly lower in prostate cancer patients than in subjects in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.001). In addition, serum TPSA, CPSA, and FPSA in high-risk prostate cancer patients were found to be significantly higher than in cases in the medium-risk and low-risk groups. The results of our study also revealed that ADC was moderately negatively correlated with FPSA (r=-0.415, P<0.001) and weakly negatively correlated with TPSA (r=-0.222, P=0.024).
Conclusion: There is a correlation between ADC, TPSA, and FPSA in patients with prostate cancer, and there were significant differences in TPSA, CPSA, and FPSA between patients with prostate cancer and patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. The three parameters can be combined for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Keywords

References
  1. Grozescu T, Popa F. Prostate cancer between prognosis and adequate/proper therapy. J Med Life. 2017;10(1):5-12. [PubMed: 28255369].
  2. Schatten H. Brief overview of prostate cancer statistics, grading, diagnosis and treatment strategies. Adv Exp Med
  3. Biol. 2018;1095:1-14. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-95693-0_1. [PubMed: 30229546].
  4. Carlsson SV, Vickers AJ. Screening for Prostate Cancer.
  5. Med Clin North Am. 2020;104(6):1051-62. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2020.08.007. [PubMed: 33099450].
  6. Teo MY, Rathkopf DE, Kantoff P. Treatment of advanced Prostate Cancer. Annu Rev Med. 2019;70:479-99. doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-051517-011947. [PubMed: 30691365].
  7. Tsujino T, Komura K, Inamoto T, Azuma H. CRISPR screen contributes to novel target discovery in Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(23):12777. doi: 10.3390/ijms222312777. [PubMed: 34884583].
  8. Yamada Y, Beltran H. The treatment landscape of metastatic prostate cancer. Cancer Lett. 2021;519:20-9. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.06.010. [PubMed: 34153403].
  9. Sokolova A, Cheng H. Germline testing in Prostate Cancer: when and who to test. Oncology (Williston Park). 2021;35(10):645-53. doi: 10.46883/ONC.2021.3510.0645. [PubMed: 34669358].
  10. Achard V, Putora PM, Omlin A, Zilli T, Fischer S. Metastatic Prostate Cancer: treatment options. Oncology. 2022;100(1):48-59. doi: 10.1159/000519861. [PubMed: 34781285].
  11. Szymaniak B, Ross AE, Morgans AK. Genetics in prostate cancer: implications for clinical practice. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care. 2021;15(4):241-6. doi: 10.1097/SPC.0000000000000575. [PubMed: 34762074].
  12. Boesen L. Multiparametric MRI in detection and staging of prostate cancer. Dan Med J. 2017;64(2):B5327. [PubMed: 28157066].
  13. Gündoğdu E, Emekli E, Kebapçı M. Evaluation of relationships between the final Gleason score, PI-RADS v2 score, ADC value, PSA level, and tumor diameter in patients that underwent radical prostatectomy due to prostate cancer. Radiol Med. 2020;125(9):827-37. doi: 10.1007/s11547-020-01183-1. [PubMed: 32266690].
  14. Westphalen AC, Fazel F, Nguyen H, Cabarrus M, Hanley-Knutson K, Shinohara K, et al. Detection of clinically significant prostate cancer with PI-RADS v2 scores, PSA density, and ADC values in regions with and without mpMRI visible lesions. Int Braz J Urol. 2019;45(4):713-23. doi: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2018.0768. [PubMed: 31136112].
  15. Scialpi M, Martorana E, Scialpi P, D’Andrea A, Mancioli FM, Mignogna M, et al. MRI apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC): A biomarker for prostate cancer after radiation therapy. Turk J Urol. 2021;47(6):448-51. doi: 10.5152/tud.2021.21274. [PubMed: 35118962].
  16. Sokmen BK, Sokmen D, Ucar N, Ozkurt H, Simsek A. The correlation between biological activity and diffusion-
  17. weighted MR imaging and ADC value in cases with prostate cancer. Arch Ital Urol Androl. 2017;89(4):277-81. doi: 10.4081/aiua.2017.4.277. [PubMed: 29473377].
  18. An H, Tao N, Li J, Guan Y, Wang W, Wang Y, et al. Detection of prostate cancer metastasis by whole body magnetic resonance imaging combined with bone scintigraphy and PSA levels. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2016;40(5):1052-62. doi: 10.1159/000453161. [PubMed: 27941343].
  19. Iraha Y, Murayama S, Kamiya A, Iraha S, Ogawa K. Diffusion-weighted MRI and PSA correlations in patients with prostate cancer treated with radiation and hormonal therapy. Anticancer Res. 2012;32(10):4467-71. [PubMed: 23060574].
  20. Rezaeijo SM, Hashemi B, Mofid B, Bakhshandeh M, Mahdavi A, Hashemi MS. The feasibility of a dose painting procedure to treat prostate cancer based on mpMR images and hierarchical clustering. Radiat Oncol. 2021;16(1):182. doi: 10.1186/s13014-021-01906-2. [PubMed: 34544468].
  21. Hu C, Sun J, Xu Z, Zhang Z, Zhou Q, Xu J, et al. Development and external validation of a novel nomogram to predict prostate cancer in biopsy‐naïve patients with PSA< 10 ng/ml and PI‐RADS v2. 1= 3 lesions. Cancer Med. 2023;12(3):2560-71. doi: 10.1002/cam4.5100. [PubMed: 35920264].
  22. Ji X, Zhang J, Shi W, He D, Bao J, Wei X, et al. Bi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging based radiomics for the identification of benign and malignant prostate lesions: cross-vendor validation. Phys Eng Sci Med. 2021;44(3):745-54. doi: 10.1007/s13246-021-01022-1. [PubMed: 34075559].
  23. Pierre-Victor D, Parnes HL, Andriole GL, Pinsky PF. Prostate cancer incidence and mortality following a negative biopsy in a population undergoing PSA screening. Urology. 2021;155:62-9. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2021.05.060. [PubMed: 34186135].
  24. Urabe F, Kimura S, Tashiro K, Kido M, Sasaki H, Aoki M, et al. Prognostic value of PSA bounce in prostate cancer following definitive radiation therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2021;24(4):976-85. doi: 10.1038/s41391-021-00372-x. [PubMed: 33947976].
  25. Wu Q, Li F, Yin X, Gao J, Zhang X. Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting prostate cancer in patients with PSA≤ 20 ng/mL at initial biopsy. Medicine. 2021;100(50):e28196. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000028196. [PubMed: 34918677].
  26. Lundgren PO, Kjellman A, Norming U, Gustafsson O. Association between one‐time prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) test with free/total PSA ratio and prostate cancer mortality: A 30‐year prospective cohort study. BJU Int. 2021;128(4):490-6. doi: 10.1111/bju.15417. [PubMed: 33811738].
  27. Flores JM, Bernie HL, Miranda E, Nascimento B, Schofield E, Benfante N, et al. The relationship between PSA and total testosterone levels in men with prostate cancer. J Sex Med. 2022;19(3):471-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2022.01.003. [PubMed: 35135736].
  28. Kuhlmann PK, Chen M, Luu M, Naser-Tavakolian A, Patel DN, Kim HL, et al. Patient-and tumor-level risk factors for MRI-invisible prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2021;24(3):794-801. doi: 10.1038/s41391-021-00330-7. [PubMed: 33568751].
  29. Becerra MF, Atluri VS, Bhattu AS, Punnen S. Serum and
  30. urine biomarkers for detecting clinically significant prostate cancer. Urol Oncol. 2021;39(10):686-90. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.02.018. [PubMed: 32241692].
  31. Soo A, O’Callaghan ME, Kopsaftis T, Vatandoust S, Moretti K, Kichenadasse G. PSA response to antiandrogen withdrawal: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2021;24(3):826-36. doi: 10.1038/s41391-021-00337-0. [PubMed: 33603235].
  32. Arnold P, Penaloza-Ramos MC, Adedokun L, Rees S, Lockhat M, Spary L, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcomes for patients with non‑metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):22151. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-01042-7. [PubMed: 34772971].
  33. Robin TP, Geiger CL, Callihan EB, Kessler ER. Prostate cancer in older adults: risk of clinically meaningful disease, the role of screening and special considerations. Curr Oncol Rep. 2021;23(11):130. doi: 10.1007/s11912-021-01118-7. [PubMed: 34453258].
  34. Ashida S, Yamasaki I, Kawada C, Fukuhara H, Fukata S, Tamura K, et al. Evaluation of a rapid one-step PSA test for primary prostate cancer screening. BMC Urol. 2021;21(1):135. doi: 10.1186/s12894-021-00903-7. [PubMed: 34579701].
  35. Pastor-Navarro B, Rubio-Briones J. Optimization of PSA and its variants and other biomarkers for the follow-up of low-risk prostate cancer in active surveillance. Arch Esp Urol. 2022;75(2):173-84. [PubMed: 35332887].
  36. Yao W, Zheng J, Han C, Lu P, Mao L, Liu J, et al. Integration
  37. of quantitative diffusion kurtosis imaging and prostate specific antigen in differential diagnostic of prostate
  38. cancer. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021;100(35):e27144. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000027144. [PubMed: 34477170].
  39. Huang CY, Chen CH. Clinical characteristics and survival outcomes in patients with a high PSA and non-metastatic prostate cancer. J Formos Med Assoc. 2022;121(1):181-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2021.02.015. [PubMed: 33715926].
  40. Merriel SW, Pocock L, Gilbert E, Creavin S, Walter FM, Spencer A, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for the detection of prostate cancer in symptomatic patients. BMC Med. 2022;20(1):54. doi: 10.1186/s12916-021-02230-y. [PubMed: 35125113].
  41. Tosun M, Uslu H. Prebiopsy multiparametric MRI and PI-RADS version 2.0 for differentiating histologically benign prostate disease from prostate cancer in biopsies: A retrospective single-center comparison. Clin Imaging. 2021;78:98-103. doi: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2021.03.011. [PubMed: 33773450].
Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal (IRCMJ)
Volume 25, Issue 5 - Serial Number 5
2023
Files
History
  • Receive Date: 20 January 2023
  • Revise Date: 20 May 2024
  • Accept Date: 27 January 2024
  • First Publish Date: 27 January 2024
  • Publish Date: 01 May 2023
Share
How to cite
Statistics