Document Type : Research articles
Authors
urmia university of medical sciences
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the major leading causes of cancer related death throughout the world. Among various therapeutic strategies for CRC, neoadjuvant radiotherapy, targeted therapy, and chemotherapy are the main techniques to destroy cancerous cells.
Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of radiotherapy in combination with silver graphene quantum dot (SQD) and Resveratrol (Res) on the HCT-116 colorectal cancer (CRC) cells.
Methods: Minimally cytotoxic concentrations of SQD (50µm) with Res (0.5xIC50 and 0.25xIC50) and radiation (2Gy of x-ray radiation) were selected for double and triple treatments. The Acridine Orange/Ethidium Bromide staining was used to detect apoptosis. The Caspase-3 mRNA expression level was measured by the real-time PCR method. In addition, cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) protein expression was studied by the western blot technique. Similarly, the superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) enzyme activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined in this study.
Results: In this study, after 24 h, triple combined cases showed decreased cell viability versus double and single treatments (P<0.05). Moreover, cellular viability was decreased in the SQD-radiation and SQD-Res treated cells, compared to the related single treatments (P<0.05). The increased apoptotic cells were observed in the triple combination group, compared to the double and single treated cases. Triple combination treatment exhibited decreased GPX activity versus single treatments (P<0.05). The triple combined case showed reduced SOD activity than the radiation and SQD single treatments. A remarkable increase in the MDA concentration was observed in the triple combination versus single treatments. According to the results, in double and triple treatments, upregulation of Caspase-3 mRNA was presented versus double and single treatments. There was a decreased COX-2 protein expression level in triple combinatorial cases versus double and single treated cells.
Conclusion: These findings proposed that SQD in combination with Res and radiation showed significant anti-cancer effects on CRC in vitro.
Keywords
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